The Hundred Years War, Chapter 9 Flashcards
What are the years of the Hundred Years War?
1337-1453
What are the five causes of the war?
- Dynastic Rivalry
- Proximity
- Edwards Vassalage
- Flanders
- Nationalism
What are the three stages of the war?
1- Edwardian Stage
2- Campaigns of Henry V
3-French Reconquest and the Joan of Arc
What is the royal family’s name in France
Capetians
What is the royal family’s name in England?
Normans
Strengths of France
- Wealthier in human and natural resources
- 50,000 active.troops
- Home field advantage
Weaknesses of France
- Stuck.in Feudal Times
- Large division in social classes
- Poor decisions made, money inflation
- Poorly trained army and not well.equipped
England’s Strengths
- Centralized,cunning and rich
- People were loyal to the monarch
- Stable
- Superior Navy, Better overall army
- Longbow
England’s Weaknesses
- Smaller population
- Smaller amount of troops
What are the years of the first stage?
1337-1360
Describe what occurred In the English Embargo of 1337
England refused to send wool to Flanders which survives off of textile production, so Flanders rebelled against France, divided France against itself, pledged to England in 1340
Describe what occurred in the Battle of Sluys
English Victory, ends hopes of France invading England, England controlled the seas, 1340
Describe what occurred in the Battle of Crecy
English Victory, conquered Calais (heart of Flanders), keep until 1558
What halted the war in 1347?
Bubonic Plague
Describe what occurred in the Battle of Poltiers
Greatest English Victory, captured King John II and held ransom
Who took over after King John II was captured and what did they do?
Estates General and took powers away from the monarch
What event occurred in 1358 and why?
Jacquerie (peasant revolt), the nobles taxed the peasants high amounts of money to pay for the war damage
What is the Peace of Bretigny-Calais?
It ended Edwards vassalage with the French Monarch, Edward got to keep his French territories, France had to pay three million gold coins to get their king back and Edward agreed to renounce his claim for the French Throne
What are years of the second stage of war?
1412-1422
What great power was rising in France that made Engalnd’s timing so.perfect
Duchy of Burgundy
Describe the Battle of Agincourt
1415, 7000-10000 French troops killed, 500 troops killed
Who was assassinated in 1419?and who was his heir?
Duke of Burgundy and Dauphin
Who assassinated the Dumenof Burgundy?
Charles VII
What is the Treaty of Troyes?
1420, Disinherited Charles VI’s son and makes Henry V his successor
What odd event occurs in 1422
Both Henry V and Charles VI die within a month of one another
What do Both Charles VI and Henry V’s sons end up doing after their fathers’ death?
Henry VI becomes heir of both France and England, Charles VII retreats into hiding
What are the years of the third stage of war?
1412-1431
Describe Joan of Arc
Peasant,Catholic, Strict Parents, Very loyal to the church
Why did Joan of Arc want to deliver besieged Orleans back from the English?
She had a vision from God that he wanted her to
Convince Charles VII to lead the French armies (she had no training)
What allowed for Joan to win?
English troops were exhausted, she inspired the troops to be one unit
What is the year of the Battle of Orleans? Also what year was Charles VII crowned King of France?
1429
Why is Joan of Arc captured by the English?
They torture her in hopes she will discredit the vision she had, if she discredits her vision she discredits Charles VII, finally breaks after months
What date is Joan of Arc executed and what was she charged with?
May 30 1431, heresy or going against the church
In 1456 what does Charles VII do to help.Joan of Arc
He reopened her case and declared her innocent
What does the Roman Catholic Church do in honor of Joan of Arc
They declared her a saint
By 1453 held only one territory, what was it?
Calais
In the hundred years war how many years were spent fighting and how Much were spent in peace?
44 years fighting, 68 of peace
Results of the war?
- forced France to.come together
- Burgundy made a name for itself
- encouraged England to make their own clothing industry
- France gained more territory and kicked out England
- heavy burden of money,taxes and labor on Peasants
