Alliances, War and a Troubled Peace, Chapter 26 Flashcards
Significance of new German Empire
Rival to Britain, tremendous human and natural resources, Industrial economy, strong military, weakened Austria France Russia
Bismarck’s goal for Germany
He was content with what Germany had and didn’t want to make any further territorial gains he knew fighting with other countries could weaken Germany
Russo-Turkish War of 1877
Slavic rebellion against Turkish rule, Russia in as big brother in hopes of gaining the Dardenelle Strait or Constantinople, Treaty of San Stefano= freed Slavic states and gained territory which alarmed Austria and Britain
Congress of Berlin
International that met to discuss the Treaty of San Stefano, Bismarck was the honest broker, strong negative effects on Russia, Bulgaria was reduced 2/3 in size, England gained Cyprus, recognized France’s colonies in North Africa, Bosnia and Herzegovina were given to Austria-Hungary
Who were apart other the 3 Emperor’s League, Triple Alliance, Dual Alliance, Entente Cordiale, Triple Entente
Germany, Austria, Russia
Italy, Germany, Austria
Germany, Austria
France, Britain
France, Britain, Russia
Kaiser Willhelm II
Young, Hotheaded, disagreed with Bismarck, dynasty and military, fired Bismarck, wanted to be like the British
Powder Keg of Europe
The Balkans
Factors that led to World War I
Troubles in the Balkans (Balkan Wars), Bosnian Crisis, Second Moroccan Crisis, Alliances
Impact of Second Moroccan Crisis
Threatened Britain’s security, turned entendre cordial into a de facto alliance, shows that Turkey is weak
Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
The Black Hand knew Ferdinands motorcade route and stationed seven assassins along it with a bomb, gun and cyanide pill, the first one missed and blew up the car behind it resulting in a changed motorcade route but before Ferdinand leaves he wants to visit the victim’s in the hospital and one of the assassins see him and shoot him, Gavrilo Princip
Responses from Dual Alliance and Triple Entente after the assasination
Germany gave Austria a blank check, Austria gave Serbs an unrealistic ultimatum, Russia and France.mobilize troops and Great Britain has no reason tonight involved
First country to mobilize against Russia
Austria-Hungary
The Schlieffen Plan
Avoid two front war, get rid of France first, distract the troops in a different part of France and then go through the low countries and.sweep up behind them and defeat them
Why was Germany blamed for the war
German bullying was the root of many of the crises, pushed Austria into the war in attempts to achieve a higher standing in the world
Potential numbers of trained soldiers available for the war
GB- 711,000 F- 1,250,000 I- 750,00 R- 1,200,000 G- 2,200,000 AH- 810,000
Characteristics and Battles of the Western Front
Where the war starts and most of it takes place, trench warfare, Battle of the Marne
Weapons used during WWI
Machine Guns, Artillery, Poison Has, Tanks, Airplanes, Zeppelines, Submarines
New entries into the war starting in 1915
Turkey and Bulgaria gained the central powers
Italy, Japan and Romania join the Allies
Colonel T.E. Lawrence’s role in WWI
He guided a movement of Arab independence from Turkey
Battle of Gallipoli
Masterminded my Winston Churchill, goal was to take the Dardenelle Strait and Constantinople,break stalemate, kick Turkey out of the war, failed
Reasons for US entry into the war
Sinking of the Lusitania, Unrestricted German Submarine warfare, Zimmerman Note, Russian Revolution= Russia withdrew from the war and allies
Woodrow Wilson’s view on WWI
He didn’t want to get involved but stated that if Germany attacked America again they would get involved
Causes of the March Revolution in Russia
Collapse of the monarchies ability to govern
Significance of Rasputin in Russian political affairs
Greatly controlled the Queen of Russia due to his ability to cure her hemophilian son
Bolsheviks
Worked against Provisional government, leaders included Trotsky, Lenin, Stalin, Khlomenov, peace, bread, land
Actions of Bolsheviks after they seized power
Nationalize the land, workers took charge of plants, state played government debt, church property went to the state, took Russia out of the war
Treaty of Brest- Litovsk
Russia yielded Poland Finland Baltic States and Ukraine, paid heavy war fees, gave some territory to Turkey
Soviets
Council of workers that had been discontent, peasants, local councils, building blocks of communism
Last German Offense
The second battle of the Marne in which Germany has a last ditch effort to gain traction in the war, failed
Casualties of World War I
10 million deaths, 4 million (central), 5 million (allies) 1 million (civilians)
Effects of the war
Germany became a republic, huge casualties, Political Upheaval, Economic Turmoil, USA became a superpower, Communism and Facism rose up, WWII
Results regarding the Ottoman Empire
Split up into mandates, mainly France and Britain would administer the mandates until Turkey got it together
Greco-Turkish War
Fight over Turkish land, newly independent Greece invaded in hopes of gaining territory, Ataturk drove them out
The Big Four
Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, Vittori Orlande
Obstacles of Peace
Publicity, Woodrow Wilson, nationalism, Victors, Bolshevism
What demanded of Germany in the Treaty of versaille
Lost territory, lost military capabilities, reparations of 15-20 billion
League of Nations
Woodrow Wilson, Britain France Italy Japan America, ineffective had no military backing and was unable to make decisions, America was forced to abandon it
Key parts of the Fourteen Points
Self determination, open diplomacy, freedom of seas, disarmament, league of nations
WWI impact on Colonies
Germany was stripped of its colonies and the Ottoman Empire was essentially broken into colonies, Colonial people were now seen as military resources, failed the hopes of colonial people for self determination
Criticisms regarding the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Too idealistic, France believed it was too soft, Britain and France felt it went against their liberal ethics, create another war
