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AP Euro > Industrial Revolution, Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Industrial Revolution, Chapter 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Another name for the industrial revolution?

A

Proto Revolution

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2
Q

Who is the super power at this time and why?

A

Britain, lots of resources(iron, coal, steel, colonies, agriculture), capital banking, supply and demand was high, good social mobility, Britain was barely affected by Napoleon, triangular trade route

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3
Q

Did population increase or decrease at this time? How and what were some statistics?

A

Increase, lots of food and industry

Between 1830 and 1850
Britain gained five million people
France gained four million
Germany gained six million

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4
Q

Consequences of urbanization?

A
  • stressed resources
  • couldn’t find housing or jobs =slums
  • cities were very dirty
  • lots of disease
  • criminal activity
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5
Q

What three countries gave up serfdom at this time and what was the result?

A

Prussia (1815)
Austria (1848)
Russia (1861)
More commercialized land holdings, peasants moved to cities= more industry and other peasants became conservative land holders

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6
Q

Five main causes of the Irish Famine?

A
  1. Irish were very Catholic and didn’t like England pushing their views on them
  2. Plantations
  3. Penal Laws
  4. Blight
  5. Poor Laws
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7
Q

What does it mean.by plantations?

A

English laid claim to Irish land forcing the Irish to rent their land from the English, hated England

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8
Q

What did the Penal Laws do?

A

Tried to abolish Catholicism in Ireland, pretty much forbid Irish Catholics from having any rights

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9
Q

What did the Blight due?

A

Affects root crops, destroyed all harvest for a prolonged time and was severe, stored crops also became infected

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10
Q

What did the poor laws do?

A

Forced English Plantation owners to take care of Irish tenants if they were poor and made Irish farmers work before they could have food but it was hard to find work (riots)

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11
Q

Effects of the Irish potato famine?

A
  • evictions from farms
  • the great hunger
  • emigration to America and england
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12
Q

What exactly was the great hunger?

A

Half a million Irish people starved to death, there was no food or homes, people would dig holes in the side of mountains called shovels which led to sickness

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13
Q

In 1814 who adapted the locomotive to make it more efficient, faster and more powerful

A

George Stephenson

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14
Q

What is the name of Stephenson’s locomotive?

A

The Rocket

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15
Q

In 1825 Who began implementing trainings a form of travel first?

A

Britain, The Stockton darling

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16
Q

By 1850 how many miles of track had Britain acquired by 1850?

A

6000 miles of track

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17
Q

What were the years of the Irish Potato Famine?

A

1847- early 1850s

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18
Q

From 1841- 1901 how much had Ireland’s population dropped?

A

8 million to 4.5 million

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19
Q

In 1832 who was the next to begin laying railway track down?

A

France

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20
Q

By 1850 how many miles of track were played down in France?

A

18000 miles of track

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21
Q

What year did GeRmany begin to lay track down and how how much track had they laid down by 1850?

A

1835, 37000 miles of track

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22
Q

What were some results of railroads becoming more a part of daily society?

A

More people left their birthplace, greater transportation of goods, shift in what people buy and invest in (capital over consumer goods)

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23
Q

What word describes the 19 century workforce?

A

Varied

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24
Q

Talk about the different kind of people in the 19 century workforce

A

Women, children, artisans, domestic servants, farmers, railroad workers, miners

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25
Q

Who are the Haves?

A

Wealthy, invest in Industry, depend upon labor force

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26
Q

Who are Have nots?

A

Laborers, very poor

27
Q

What is Proletarianization?

A

People begin to participate in a wage labor force become a commodity for the labor marketplace

28
Q

What was so different about labor in the 18 century versus the 19 century?

A

In the 19 century laborers did unskilled work, like factory workers and if they didn’t enter the workforce they would eventually be run out of business

29
Q

What is the name of the main work system in the 18 century?

A

Guild system

30
Q

What is the main work system in the 19 century?

A

Confection

31
Q

What are some characteristics of Confection?

A

Standardization
Everyone does a little job to get one main goal accomplished
Cheaper to produce

32
Q

What is chartism?

A

Program of political reform that British workers wanted as a solution to their economic downfall

33
Q

Who established London Working Men’s Association?

A

1836 William Lovett

34
Q

What were goals of the LWMA?

A
  • protect rights of skilled laborers
  • prevent wage laborers from taking over guilds
  • The People’s Charter
35
Q

What were some goals of The People’s Charter?

A

Male suffrage, annual elections in the house if commons, secret ballot, equal electoral groups, abolishment of property rights and salaries of the house of commons

36
Q

Did the LWMA stage peaceful demonstrations and if so what group did not?

A

Yes, Luddites

37
Q

What is The Great Exhibition and where was it held?

A

Show off Bainbridge was being implemented in countries and invited the public to see it, The Crystal Palace

38
Q

What was the Crystal Palace made of and what mess age did this send to people?

A

Glass and iron, glass is no longer a luxury item

39
Q

What did they incorporate into the display to tell people that Industry won’t change their way of life too drastically?

A

Sculptures, art, fountains, plants

40
Q

Explain some differences in the 18 century and 19 century family structure

A

18: family economy, domestic putting out
19: wage laborers economy, large factories, less skilled work, women and children often made up the employees and men were in management positions

41
Q

Why were women and children often times employees versus men?

A

Pay them less, easier to boss around, less likely to start workers unions

42
Q

Why were families so large at this time?

A

Saw children as assets, more salaries

43
Q

How long did Chimney Sweepers live?

A

Early 20s, breathing problems

44
Q

What age did children begin mining, major areas of mining?

A

10-14, Wales, Ireland and the US

45
Q

What did the English Factory Act (1833) due?

A

Forbade employment of children under 9, limited a child’s workday to nine hours a day, provide two hours of education to children a day

46
Q

What did the Parliamentary Act 1847 due?

A

Made workday for adults ten hours a day

47
Q

Results of The Parliamentary Act 1847?

A

More family time, more gender roles, women had less jobs and less wages

48
Q

How many women worked in textile factories?

A

Less then half

49
Q

What did most French women work with?

A

Agriculture

50
Q

Most English Women worked as?

A

Domestic Servants

51
Q

Which classes experienced division of labor into gender specific roles?

A

Gentry, Middle Class, Working Class

52
Q

What is a Charwon?

A

Very poor women, day laborers, go door to door and ask for work

53
Q

What were some major causes for the increase in criminal activity?

A

Urbanization, large division in social classes, emancipation of serfs

54
Q

What two.major ways did they decide to abolish crime through?

A

Prison Reform and Professional Police Forces

55
Q

Where did first professional police force appear and what date?

A

1828, Paris France

56
Q

What date did London acquire a professional police force?

A

1829

57
Q

What were some nicknames for London’s police force and why?

A

Hobbies and Peepers, Robert Peel began the professional police forces

58
Q

Was the Polices job very active?

A

No they’re main goal was to preserve order,walk streets, traffic, help out here and there, investigate criminal activity

59
Q

What were prisons like before reform?

A

One big cell with everyone in it, black and white(all criminals go together no in between grey area)

60
Q

What were some punishments before reform?

A

Hulks, prisoners forced to row until they died

Transportation, get prisoners out of country (Australia)

61
Q

What did they model their reforms after?

A

American Prsions

62
Q

Explain the Auburn System

A

Attempt to reform prisoners not punish them, misguided, at night they separated prisoners so they could think about their actions, treadmills

63
Q

Explain the The Philadephia system

A

Prisoners are separated constantly, if they are allowed together they must wear a mask, led to mental collapse, Pentonville Prison

64
Q

Ultimately what were the effects of the attempted prison reform?

A

People finally learned that maybe if they gave prisoners an education and trade skill they would no longer resort to criminal activity

AP Euro (23 decks)

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