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AP Euro > European State Consolidation in the 17th and 18th Centuries, Chapter 13 > Flashcards

European State Consolidation in the 17th and 18th Centuries, Chapter 13 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Emergence of the Netherlands as a nation

A

After Spanish Revolt in 1572, 7 provinces

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2
Q

Religious Characteristics of Netherlands

A

Calvinism, known for religious toleration

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3
Q

Contemporary impressions of Dutch society

A

Economic prosperity

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4
Q

Governmental system of Netherlands

A

Republic, provinces

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5
Q

Reasons for Dutch economic prosperity and decline

A

high urban consolidation, transformed agriculture,extensive trade and finance, overseas commercial empire, their decline was due to William III’s death and their resistance

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6
Q

William III of Orange

A

grandson of William the silent, chief executive of Holland (rallied the dutch against the French), Protestant English aristocrats invited him and his wife, Mary, to the English throne which they accepted, died in 1702

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7
Q

Two most important models of European political organization

A

Parliamentary Monarchy and Political Absolutism

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8
Q

Characteristics of absolute rule

A

belief in divine right, not dependent on people,ruled without supporting body, made all decisions by oneself

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9
Q

Characteristics of and facts about James I, his rule and relationship with Parliament

A

son of Mary Stuart, rarely called upon Parliament instead used impositions as his source of income, absolute ruler and believed in divine right, Stuart line, rejected Puritans, King James Bible. Catholic Sympathies, against reform, corrupted

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10
Q

Reasons for suspicion of James I foreign policy

A

made peace with Spain which protestants viewed as pro-catholic move, attempted to relax anti catholic laws, did not rush to help German protestants in the outbreak of the thirty years war, his son marries a catholic princess

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11
Q

Charles I’s extra parliamentary measures

A

to gain finances to fight Spain without Parliamentary help Charles I puts in place new tariffs, duties, collects discontinued taxes, forced loans, quartering troops in private homes

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12
Q

The Petition of Right

A

required that Charles would abolish forced loans, no taxation without consent from Parliament, no imprisonment without actual cause, soldiers could not stay in private homes and Parliament would give Charles the he asks for, Parliament dissolved 1629-1640

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13
Q

Consequences of the religious policies of Charles I

A

war with Scotland, had tried to impose religious conformity and the English episcopal system+ common prayer book, forced to call Parliament for funds who refused unless he signed a list of grievances

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14
Q

Facts about the Long Parliament

A

on and off from 1640-1660, Strauford and Laud were impeached and executed, abolished courts that enforced royal policy, prohibited taxes that had been issued without their consent, passed a law that stated Parliament must meet at least once every three years, religious division

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15
Q

Facts about the English Civil War

A

Charles I wants to raise money to help with the revolution in Scotland when Parliament refuses he sets up his own army and Parliament passes the Militia Ordinance allowing Parliament to raise there own army= English Civil War, Cavaliers vs. Roundheads, Roundheads won through a reformed military and alliance with Scotland,1642-1646

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16
Q

England under Oliver Cromwell

A

forces Parliament to to sign for Charles execution, Republic of the Commonwealth, Puritan, killed many Irish, 1653 disbanded Parliament, very extreme puritan restrictions (no singing, no dancing in public), eventually executed

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17
Q

State of England after Cromwell and what they wanted to restore

A

somber puritanism, Charles II restored hereditary monarchy wer, Parliament, Anglican church

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18
Q

Facts about The Treaty of Dover

A

1670, economical compromise with England’s enemy the Netherlands, secretly Charles promised to announce his conversion into Catholicism as soon as the appropriate time arrived and Louis XIV promised to pay him quite a bit of money (unite against Holland)

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19
Q

The Test Act

A

1672 required all civil and military afflictions of the crown to swear an oath against transubstantiation as a way to weed out Catholics from the government

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20
Q

The Popish Plot

A

1678 a man named Titus Oates swore that Charles wife’s physician, jesuits, and irish were plotting to kill the king in order for James to rise to power, many people were executed in fear of Catholicism taking hold in England

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21
Q

Declaration of Indulgence of 1687

A

James II, suspended all religious tests and allowed for free worship

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22
Q

Facts about The Glorious Revolution

A

1688, Protestants invite William and Mary (protestant) to invade England, little resistance, continued to rule Holland, James II and son flee to France under the protection of Louis XIV, English Bill of Rights limits power of the monarchy, Parliament must meet every three years, prohibits Catholics to be monarchs

23
Q

The Act of Settlement of 1701

A

Provided for the English crown to go to the Protestant House of Hanover in Germany if Queen Anne died without issue

24
Q

The Act of Union of 1707

A

combined England and Scotland

25
Q

Facts about Robert Walpole

A

first prime minister of the UK, his rule was based on royal support, his ability to handle the House of Commons and his control of government patronage, Positive Aspects of reign: stability, peace abroad, expanded international trade, expanded Navy, freedom of speech, civil rights, religious toleration

example for rest of Europe

26
Q

Facts about Cardinal Armand Richelieu

A

powerful chief minister of Louis XIV, restricted protestant rights that had been put in place by the Edict of Nantes, centralization, attempted to block certain rights= Frande or noble revolt

27
Q

Louis XIV’s relationship with French nobility

A

tried very hard to please and support nobles, he did limit nobles but never abolished noble institutions

28
Q

Louis XIV’s reign

A

1643-1715

29
Q

Significance of Versailles

A

demonstration that he could outspend and create a greater social display than the strongest nobles, political control

30
Q

Louis XIV’s religious acts

A

carried out repressive acts towards Roman Catholics and Protestants

31
Q

Symbolism of Louis XIV

A

Absolutism

32
Q

Religious policies of Louis XIV

A

Banned Jansenism, condemned Jansenist teaching, launched campaign against the Huguenots, wanted religious uniformity, took away Huguenots rights, used financial incentives to convert them to catholicism

33
Q

Characteristics of Jansenists

A

Roman Catholic religious movement, opposed Jesuits, teachings of St. Augustine, believed humans could do no good, opposed royal authority

34
Q

Results of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes

A

religious repression, Protestant churches+ schools closed, Protestants exiled and Protestant children baptized to Catholicism, huge mistake, Protestants all around Europe considered Louis to be a fanatic, a quarter of a million people left France and France became a symbol of religious repression

35
Q

Finance minister of Louis XIV

A

Jean-Baptiste Colbert, mercantile economy

36
Q

Wars fought during the reign of Louis XIV

A

War of Devolution- fight over dowry, King Philip IV died and Louis gains some land below the Spanish Netherlands

Franco-Dutch War- England and France vs. Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, France gained territory

Nine Years War- France wanted Alsace, league of Algsburg forms to prevent France from taking Alsace, France wins

37
Q

Facts about the War of Spanish Succession

A

Charles II dies without heir and leaves all inheritance to Louis XIV’s grandson (King Philip V), Grand Allegiance formed to maintain the balance of power, France had inadequate resources and was defeated in every battle

Treaty of Utrecht- Peace between England and France recognizes Hanover as successor of England, England gains Gibraltus and Moreneca

Treaty of Rastatt- Peace between France and Holland, HRE, France gives up Spanish Netherlands

38
Q

France after the Reign of Louis XIV

A

France was left to Louis XV, his grandson and Regent Duke of Orleans who was very greedy

39
Q

Economic beliefs of John Law

A

wanted to fix the French economy created the Mississippi bubble=financial crisis

40
Q

Characteristics and facts about 17th century Central and Eastern Europe

A

less advanced then western Europe, serfdom, no oversea empires, weak central monarchy

41
Q

Dynasties of Central and Eastern Europe

A

Austrian Hapsburg,Prussian Hohenzollern, Russian Romanovs

42
Q

Political and social characteristics of 17th and 18th century Poland

A

aristocratic independence, elective monarchy, not unified, monarchs were foreigners, excluded representatives from towns,liberum veto was misused

43
Q

The Pragmatic Sanction

A

created by Charles VI in fear that the Hapsburg empire would disappear after his death, made Maria Theresa his heir (daughter)

44
Q

Ruler of Prussia from 1640-1688

A

Frederick William

45
Q

Ruler of Prussia from 1688-1713

A

Frederick I

46
Q

Ruler of Prussia from 1713-1740

A

Frederick William I

47
Q

Ruler of Prussia from 1740-1786

A

Frederick II or Frederick the Great

48
Q

Aftermath of the reign of Ivan IV in Russia

A

Time of Troubles, weak, impoverished, Michael Romanov, Aleksi and Theodore III came to power, modest, centralized,. bureaucratic

49
Q

Power of Boyars during reign of Peter the Great

A

lost power, Peter was strict and an excellent leader who did not put up with Boyars and their attachment to Russian Culture

50
Q

Facts about the Great Northern War

A

Russia wanted warm water ports that Charles XII of Sweden was in control of, in the Battle of Poltava in Ukraine Russia decisively won, Charles went to Turkey, Peace of Nystad confirmed Russia’s ownership of Baltic states

51
Q

Significance of St. Petersburg

A

it symbolized a new western orientation of Russia and Peter’s determination to hold his position on the Baltic coast

52
Q

Reforms of Peter the Great and their purpose

A

8 administrative colleges, Table of Ranks, took powers away from boyars and made sure they were loyal to him

53
Q

Characteristics of the legacy of Peter the Great

A

he expanded territory to the west and east, modern army, achieved war water port, St. Peters burg, took powers away from nobles and elite, made Russia relevant, no successor after death

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