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AP Euro > Northern Renaissance and Monarchies of Northern Europe, Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Northern Renaissance and Monarchies of Northern Europe, Chapter 10 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Why did Royalty encourage schools and literacy?

A

Provide future staff for kingdoms

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2
Q

What were the effects of the Printing Press?

A

More books on widely known topics became widely availible, less credulous and docile laity

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3
Q

Why were books before the Printing press so expensive?

A

They were printed on vellum (cumbersome and expensive)

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4
Q

Who is Johann Gutenberg?

A

Invented printing with moveable type, Mainz Germany became the center of printing for whole of western Europe because of him

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5
Q

Who is Erasmus?

A

Prince of Humanists, most famous northern humanist,educational and Religious reformer, catholic

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6
Q

What are colloquies?

A

Latin dialogues teaching how to speak and live well grew in number including antithetical and satires on religious dogmatism and superstition

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7
Q

What are adages?

A

Ancient and contemporary proverbs

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8
Q

What did Erasmus translate the new testament into?

A

Greek(1516) and latin(1519)

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9
Q

Who is Rudolf Agricolon?

A

Father of German Humanism, introduced Italian Learning

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10
Q

Who is Conrad Celtis

A

First German Poet laureate

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11
Q

Who is Ulrich von hutten?

A

Gave humanism a nationalist coloring, knight, hostile to non German cultures especially Romans, attacked indulgences, wrote the donation of Constantine

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12
Q

Who is Johanna Reuchlin?

A

Foremost Christian authority on Hebrew and Jewish learning, wrote first reliable Hebrew grammar

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13
Q

What occurred in 1506 when a Christian made movement against Jewish writings surfaced?

A

Predetermined attacked Reuchlin and many German humanists came to his defense even though they weren’t exactly pro-Jew, resulted in letters of obscure man (1515)

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14
Q

Who is William Grocyn and Thomas Linacre?

A

Contributed to marking of English humanism

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15
Q

Who is John Colet?

A

Patronized human studies for young and promoted religious freedom

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16
Q

Who is Thomas More?

A

Best known English Humanist, close friend of Erasmus, wrote Utopia in 1516 which was an imaginary society based upon reason and tolerance, was diplomat of Henry VIII but was executed after he disagreed with the act of supremacy

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17
Q

Who is Guillotine Bude?

A

Greek Scholar

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18
Q

Who is Jacques Lefevre d Etaple?

A

Biblical authority

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19
Q

What three countries were prepared for the reformation and why was Spain not?

A

France, England and Germany, Spain entered the service of the Catholic Church

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20
Q

Who is Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros

A

Confessor to Queen Isabella, Grand Inquisitor (enforce strict religious orthodoxy), University of Acala, printed Greek edition of new testament, translated religious tracts, Complutension Polyglot Bible

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21
Q

There was a shift from ___________ to ___________

A

Feudal to national monarchies

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22
Q

What were the three reasons for the shift in monarchies becoming more powerful

A
  1. Black Plague
  2. Hundred Years War
  3. Great Schism and Avignon Papacy

All weakened containers of monarchy

23
Q

There was a greater relationship between ______ and ___________

A

Kings, Towns

24
Q

Increased in a _________ state

A

Sovereign

25
Q

List the three different forms of representative assembly’s available in England, France and spain

A

Parliament, Estates General, Cortes, did not depend on them and they often met irregularly

26
Q

What changed in how taxes were issued and give an example

A

They became more indirect, gabelle(french salt tax), Taille (French land tax on peasantry), 10% sales tax on any merchant goods

27
Q

What changed in the type of people monarchies used in wars?

A

Instead of knights who just fought for glory they used mercenaries who fought for just money

28
Q

What led to the war of roses?

A

Richard II was erratic, corrupt and had a monopoly of power

29
Q

Who was the War of Roses between?

A

House of York and House of Lancaster

30
Q

What were the two.colored roses for each house?

A

York had a white rose and.Lancaster had.a red rose

31
Q

Dates of the war of roses?

A

1455-1485

32
Q

Who was Henry VI?

A

King of England and France until Joan of Arc came, bouts of insanity, almost despotic rule, disposed of by Duke of York, Lancaster

33
Q

Who was Edward IV?

A

Strong ruler, centralized monarchical power, ruled for a long time

34
Q

Who is Edward V?

A

Regent for Edward IV ‘s children, sent them to Tower of London and never knew what happened to them

35
Q

Who is Richard III

A

Edward IV’s brother, took control after children disappeared, after Tudors took control was viewed as a villain

36
Q

The House of Tuforbwas part of what family?

A

Lancaster (France)

37
Q

What occurred at the Battle of Bosworth?

A

Henry Tudor v. Richard III, Richard died and Henry came to power

38
Q

What did Henry do that brought the York and Lancaster families together?

A

Married someone from York so the crown wouldn’t be contested

39
Q

What is the Count of the Star chamber?

A

Royal court that was loyal to the king

40
Q

Who first initiated a centralized France?

A

Charles VII, army full of mercenaries and stabilizes economy

41
Q

What did Louis XI do?

A

Began to separate monarchy from.nobles, expanded trade, national post offices,

42
Q

What occurred at the Battle of Nancy?

A

Duke of Burgundy was killed and his lands were divided

43
Q

What was the union of Castile and Aragon

A

The marriage of Isabelle of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon

44
Q

What did the union of Castile and Aragon result in?

A

Stronger unified Spain, let’s them do things they wouldn’t otherwise been able to do without one another, Isabella

45
Q

What were the five results of the union?

A
  1. Subdue loyal realms
  2. Secure national borders
  3. Conquered foreign territories
  4. Made Spain all Catholic
  5. Christopher Columbus= new world and riches
46
Q

How did Ferdinand and Isabella secure national borders?

A

Conquered the Islamic Moors and others

47
Q

What foreign territory did Spain conquer in 1504?

A

Naples

48
Q

In what ways did Spain become “completely” catholic

A

Jews were forced to become Christianity or were exiled/executed and the Islamic Moors faced a similar fate

49
Q

How did Ferdinand and Isabella make anti-French alliances?

A

Their eldest daughter Joanna they married off to Archduke Philip of the Holy Roman Empire (son of Maximilian I) = Charles I, ruled over Holy Roman Empire and Spain

Another daughter Catherine of Aragon married Prince Arthur of England which resulted in lots of money, Prince Arthur died so she was married to Henry VIII with the Popes blessing

50
Q

Who were the Hapsburgs?

A

Intertwined marriages, lots of defects

51
Q

About how many sections were the Holy Roman Empire in?

A

300

52
Q

What is the Golden Bull of 1356

A

Principalities created an administrative body that would elect one emperor to rule over all of the principalities, created unity

53
Q

What is the Reichstag?

A

It banned private warfare, created the supreme court of justice, created the imperial council of regency

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