The Age of Napoleon, Chapter 19 Flashcards
Napoleon ‘s life before his rise to fame?
Born in 1769 to a poor family of lesser nobles in Corsica, attended French Schools, 1785 obtained a commission as a French officer, skilled in artillery, 20 during the French revolution, Jacobson, helped recover Port of Toulon from the British(appointed brigadie General), helped squash the Vendemiarre revolt which resulted in a command in Italy
Results of Coup of 18 Brumaire
1799, brought Napoleon to power as the first consul (cast Abbe Sieges aside), overthrew the directory
How did the Coup of 18 Brumaire occur?
Napoleon ‘s brother was a member of the House of 500 it was his job to convince the House of 500 and House of Elders to step down, Napoleon waited for a few hours outside and nothing happened so he marched in to find out his brother has failed and everyone is upset, his brother then proceeds to put a sword to Napoleon’s chest and claimed that if Napoleon was trying to take over the government I’d run this sword right through his chest, they step down
What occurred during the Coup of 18 Fructidor?
1797, many constitutional monarchies replaced republicans in the House of 500 and House of Elders giving them the majority thus the remaining anti constitutional monarchiests staged a coup where they replaced many members with their opponents, Napoleon sent a subordinate to make sure things went smoothly
How did the Treaty of Campos Formio come about?
Due to Belgium’s annexation France was still fighting Austria and Britain, France aimed to invade Lombardy, Italy to deprive Austria of it’s rich resources, Bonparte crushed the Austrian and Sardinian armies then without the. Consent of France he drew the Treaty up October 1797
What did the Treaty of Campos Formio do?
It pulls Austria out of the war and gives France territories in Italy and Switzerland
What occurred before the Battle of Abukir
Napoleon attempts to hurt England’s economy by attacking their interests in the Mediterranean (Egypt), 30,000-40,000 fighting in desert against Ottoman and Turkish troops, Napoleon takes Cairo and Alexandria, but Napoleon is cut off from France and supplies, Horatio Nelson sieges French Troops
What occurred at the Battle of Abukir?
1798, Admiral Horatio Nelson destroys the French fleet, traps Napoleon who decides to sneak out and leave his troops to assist in the Coup of 18 Brumaire
What did Abbe Sieyes write?
What is the Third Estate?
What changes were made in the Constitution of Year VIII?
Made government appear democratic, complicated system of checks and balances, male suffrage,The consulate which had three members , two supporting and one main
Who is Napoleon likened with?
Julius Caesar Adolf Hitler Oliver Cromwell
What three forms of peace did Napoleon attempt to accomplish?
Domestic, Foreign and Religious
How did he achieve Domestic Peace?
Pardons political prisoners of French Revolution (refractory clergy, Jacobin, Emigraes, Royalists), League of Honor, Prefects, Secret Police, Execution of Duke Engheim
How did he achieve Foreign Police?
30-50,000 troops through the Swiss mountains to Austria where he defeats them= Treaty of Luneville
Treaty of Amiens
Who were members of second coalition?
Russia(dropped out), Austria, Britain
Date of Treaty of Luneville and what did it do?
1801, pulled Austria out of the war
Date of Treaty of Amiens and what did it do?
1802, pulled England out of war
How did he achieve religious peace?
Concordat of 1881
What did the Concordat of 1881 change?
Compromise between Pope and Napoleon, all clergy must step down and new clergy are elected under the control of Napoleon, Church was state controlled, France was a Catholic state
What did the Napoleonic Code change?
Civil Code of 1804, standardized law code, equal laws, tariffs, throughout France, abolishment of feudal privileges, rise in society based upon merit versus birth, abolition of worker’s unions, primogeniture is abolished, women lose rights
What form of voting was used to declare Napoleon consul for life?
Plebiscite
What did Consul for life do and what was the date?
Made Napoleon consul for life and 1802
What famous painter did a painting of Napoleon ‘s coronation?
Jacque Louis David in 1804, neoclassical
Who attended that gave the idea that the church approved of Napoleon’s coronation?
Pope Pius II
What year is Napoleon declared Emperor?
1804
Who is the Prime Minister of Britain?
William Pitt the younger
What led up to Britain and France fighting again?
Rebellion in Haiti (colony of France) in which France sent troops to squash them and Spain gave Louisiana territory to France, Britain was worried they were planning a new French Empire in America
Date of Battle of Trefalgar and what occurred?
1805, took place in the seas, Spain and France combine fleets in hopes of beating England, Lord Nelson is in charge of England, English wins but Lord Nelson dies, Napoleon abandons hope of beating England at sea
What is named after the Battle of Trefalgar?
Trafalgar square in London and Staue of Lord Nelson
Who were the members of the third coalition?
Austria, Britain and Russia
What happened at the Battle of Ulm?
Forced Austrian army to surrender at I’m and occupied Vienna 1805
What happened at the Battle of Austerlitz?
Defeats combined forces of Austria and Russia 1805, Treaty of Pressburg
What changes were made in the Treaty of Pressburg?
Austria pulls out of war and gives Italy to France
What is the Confederation of the Rhine?
Organisation of most of the western German Princes who withdrew from the Holy Roman Empire and resulted in Francis II dissolving the Holy Roman Empire
What was the date of the Confederation of the Rhine?
July 1806
What occurred in the Battle of Jena?
Prussia and France, Prussia is defeated
What did the Berlin Decrees do?
Forbade all of Napoleon’s allies from importing British goods to weaken their economy
What occurred in the Battle of Friedland?
1807, 70,000 French troops to 120,000 Russian peasant troops, France won
What occurred in the Treaty of Tilsit?
Prussia loses half of its territory, Prussia openly becomes allies with France and Russia secret becomes allies with France
What are the continental systems?
Attempt to.destroy Britain’s economy, Napoleon forced allies and neutral countries to stop trading with England, England’s economy did suffer but they survived by trading with North and South America
What were the 100 days?
Period.of Napoleon ‘s return, frightened the great powers and made France’s settlement harsher
Napoleon ‘s wives?
Josephine de Beauharnais who bore no children so he divorced her for Marie Louise (Austrian Archduchess)
Discuss Napoleon and his family as rulers?
Stepson ruled Italy and his brothers ruled conquer ed states, expected relatives to take orders without questions or else he would punish them, collective sovereign over Europe
What was Prussia’s response to Napoleon ‘s empire?
Prussia realized they had to change to survive so they fought the French with their own version of French weapons
Reforms: ended Junker Monoply of land holding, improve quality of army
Napoleon ‘s Peninsula Campaign?
War between France and allied powers Spain, UK, Portugal for control of Iberian Peninsula ended after Napoleon was defeated
Napoleon’s Russian Campaign?
Napoleon tried to have a short campaign but Russia retreated and burned the land so Napoleon couldn’t live off.it , Battle of Borodino was very bloody and Napoleon was defeated, Napoleon went home after star ignored his peace offerings
Battle of Nations?
Last coalition of Russia, Prussia, Austria,, British money and defeated Napoleon in Leipzig, marched into Paris where Napoleon abdicate sand was sent in exile to the island of Elba
Congress of Vienna?
Bourbon were reinstated, boundary settlement in France, established Netherlands, Prussia was given new territories, Austria received Italy
Battle of Waterloo?
In Belgium the quadruple alliance defeated Napoleon after he returned from Elba and regained power June 1815 he abdicated again and was exiled to Saint Helena where he died in 1821
What did the Treaty of Chaumont do?
Reinstated the Bourbons to power and retracted the French borders to where they were in 1792
Who makes up the Netherlands?
Belgium, Luxembourg and Port of Genoa
