Age of Religous Wars, Chapter 12

Question 1

Baroque and Plain Architectural Styles

Answer 1

The Catholics tended to prefer Baroque Styles, full of life and energy, Protestants art tended to be more restrained and simple

Question 2

Politiques and examples

Answer 2

Rulers who urged tolerance, moderation, compromise in religous matters in the name of political unity, Elizabeth I, Henry IV

Question 3

Factors that led to Protestant Persecutions in France

Answer 3

King Francis I’s captured by Charles VI= persecution of protestants for sympathy to get king back, 1534 Affair of the Placards, 1540 Edict of Foutainebleau, 1551 Edict of Chateaubriand

Question 4

Competing families in France after death of Henry II

Answer 4

Bourbon, Guise, Montmorency-Chatillion

Question 5

Characteristics and Facts about French Protestants

Answer 5

Appealed to townspeople and aristocrats, opposed to Guise- dominated French Monarchy, wanted political social and religious reform, against clergy and royalist, decentralization

Question 6

Event which started the French Wars of Religon

Answer 6

Duke of Guise massacred a protestant congregation at Casey in champagne

Question 7

Effects of The Peace of Saint Germaine-en-Laye

Answer 7

Ended the third war, acknowledged the power of the protestant nobility, Huguenots received religious freedoms and fortify cities

Question 8

Facts about St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Answer 8

Assassination of protestant leaders 1572, 3,000 protestant leaders were killed, 20,000 protestants killed, Protestants gained sympathy from people all over europe

Question 9

Characteristics/facts about Henry IV of France

Answer 9

Bourbon, protestant, politique, survives 14 assassination attempts by Catholics and Protestants

Question 10

Facts about the Edict of Nantes

Answer 10

1598, compromise between Catholics and Protestants, gives freedoms to protestants in a Catholic nation, preach and worship publicly, attend universities

Question 11

Key players of the French Religous Wars?

Answer 11

Duke of Guise, Conde, Coligny, Catherine de Medici, Henry Navarre, King Henry III, Henry of Guise

Question 12

Climax of Spanish/English hostilities

Answer 12

England was helping the Dutch rebels but they reached a climax when England defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588

Question 13

Duration of Austrian branch’s holding of western and eastern Hapsburg lands

Answer 13

Early 16th century-1918

Question 14

Characteristics of Philip II

Answer 14

Reclusive, educated, self righteous, Catholic, used religion for politics, interested in and supported arts and culture, executed his son

Question 15

Conditions of the Spanish economy in 16th and 17th centuries?

Answer 15

Found great wealth in the new world but there was still a lot of debt, inflation, efficient bureaucracy and military, Spain was in charge of the Mediterranean

Question 16

The Compromise

Answer 16

Solemn pledge to resist the decrees of Trent and the inquisition, led to revolts against the Spanish recency

Question 17

Philip II’s foreign policy and action during the first half of his reign

Answer 17

To religiously uniform countries and politically docile

Question 18

Perpetual Edict of 1577?

Answer 18

Made all Spanish troops leave Netherlands within twenty days, signed by Don John after his defeat

Question 19

Major area of resistance that prevented Spanish world empire

Answer 19

Netherlands

Question 20

Successors of Edward VI of England

Answer 20

Jane Grey, his first cousin, protestant, Tudor family, later beheaded by Mary I

Question 21

Facts about Mary I and her reign?

Answer 21

Automatically repels all protestant measures, persecuted protestants “Marion Persecutions”, married Philip II of Spain, very Catholic, attempted to put forth a foreign policy but it caused England to lose Calais

Question 22

Religious extremist who threatened the reign of Elizabeth I

Answer 22

Jesuits, Puritanism, congregationalists

Question 23

Thirty-Nine Articles

Answer 23

Put in place moderate Protestantism as the state religion in England, 1563

Question 24

Puritanism, Presbyterians, and Congregationalists

Answer 24

Jesuits- Spain encouraged them, wanted Mary as Queen
Puritanism- wanted to purify the church
Congregationalists- stemmed from Puritans but were more extreme, Elizabeth refused to tolerate them

Question 25

Causes for outbreak of war between Spain and England

Answer 25

Duke of Alba invaded the Netherlands, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, English pirating Spainish ships, Treaty of No such in which she gave military support supplies to protestants

Question 26

Reasons of Pope Sixtus Vs support for Spain against England

Answer 26

He was disgusted by Protestant England and hoped that Catholic Spain and invade them

Question 27

Significance of the defeat of the Spanish Armada

Answer 27

Gave heart to Protestant resistance everywhere and showed English over Spanish power, beginning of the end of Spanish power

Question 28

Preconditions of the thirty years wars

Answer 28

Decentralized HRE, Religous Division, Calvinism and the Palatinate, Maximimilian of Bavaria

Question 29

Political situation of 16th century Germany

Answer 29

360 independent secular principalities, each principality had own tolls, tariffs , money, decentralization

Question 30

Significance of Bavaria to the thirty year wars?

Answer 30

It was very Catholic, were Jesuits launched missions to win back cities to Catholicism, organized a Catholic league and fielded a great army

Question 31

Ecclesiastical Reservation

Answer 31

If a Catholic Prince converts to Protestantism then he must forfeit his seat to a Catholic ruler

Question 32

Importance of Germany to Europe’s merchants and traders

Answer 32

Highway for Europe due to its central location

Question 33

Significance of Heidelberg during the mid-16th c.

Answer 33

It became an intellectual center of Calvinism and a staging area for Calvinist penetration into the empire

Question 34

Defensive alliance of Palantine Calvinists

Answer 34

England, France and the Netherlands supported it, 1609

Question 35

Religious Population of HRE in 17th century

Answer 35

The Holy Roman Empire was about equally divided between Protestants and Catholics with Protestants maybe having a slight edge

Question 36

Place of Outbreak of thirty years war?

Answer 36

Bohemia

Question 37

Phases of the Thirty Years War

Answer 37

Bohemia Period, The Danish Period, The Swedish Period, The Swedish French Period

Question 38

Reasons for beginning of Thirty Years War

Answer 38

1618 Ferdinand ascended the Bohemia Throne, he was Catholic and revoked the religious freedoms of Protestants, then in 1619 Ferdinand became the HRE and Bohemia rejected him

Question 39

The Defenestration of Prague

Answer 39

After Ferdiand rejected the religious freedoms of Protestants, the Protestant nobility of Prague responded with pushing his reagents out of the window of a royal palace in to a dry moat padded with manure so they survived

Question 40

Actions of Ferdinand King of Bohemia?

Answer 40

Ferdinand stripped Protestants of their religious rights and freedoms

Question 41

Edict of Restitution

Answer 41

It states that all territory that was Catholic before 1552 and was taken needs to be restored, shows protestants that Catholics were trying to take over which reaffirmed Calvinism

Question 42

Battle of Breitenfield

Answer 42

Huge victory for Gustavus Aldophus II king of Sweden who wanted to defend the protestant, great leader of his troops were fantastic at switching from defensive to offensive

Question 43

Peace of Prague

Answer 43

1635 German protestant states led by Saxony reached a compromise with Ferdinand but France and Netherlands supported Sweden hoping to get the most of war and refused to join

Question 44

Depopulation of Germany because of Thirty Years War

Answer 44

The French Swedish and Spanish looted Germany for thirteen years just for the sake of war, German people were tired and could not resist them finally when peace began to come about one third of Germans population had died

Question 45

Facts about the Treaty of Westphalia

Answer 45

1648 written in French which was now becoming very powerful, got rid of the Edict of Restitution, reaffirmed the Peace of Augsburg, Calvinism has religious recognition, Switzerland and Netherlands are independent, Bavaria became an electrical state, Austria and Brandenburg emerge as powerful states