the blood

Question 1

what can be transported in blood?

Answer 1

-nutrients
-hormones
-wastes
-body heat

Question 2

What is the component percentage of blood?

Answer 2

-blood plasma 55%
-red blood cells 45%

Question 3

what are the function of erythrocytes?

Answer 3

-carry oxygen

Question 4

shape of erythrocytes

Answer 4

-biconcave discs

Question 5

cellular structure of erythrocytes

Answer 5

-anucleate (no nucleus)
-few organelles
-lack mitochondria

Question 6

haemoglobin

Answer 6

-iron bearing protein which binds to oxygen
-haemoglobin molecule can bind 4 oxygen molecules

Question 7

leukocytes

Answer 7

-crucial in body’s defence against disease
-complete cells, with nucleus and organelles

Question 8

what are the two types of leukocytes?

Answer 8

-granulocytes
-agranuloctes

Question 9

granulocytes

Answer 9

-granules in their cytoplasm can be stained
-lobed nuclei
-include neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 10

agranulocyte

Answer 10

-lack visible cytoplasmic granules
-nuclei are spherical, oval or kidney-shaped
-include lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 11

incompatibility of blood between mother and fetus

Answer 11

-results in fetal cyanosis
-resulting from destruction of fetal blood cells

Question 12

fetal haemoglobin and affinity

Answer 12

-fetal haemoglobin has higher binding to oxygen than haemoglobin produced after birth

Question 13

when do infants get physiologic jaundice

Answer 13

when the liver is unable to get rid of the breakdown products of haemoglobin fast enough

Question 14

Haemostasis

Answer 14

-refers to the process of stopping bleeding due to a break in a blood vessel
-driven by platelets- cell fragments

Question 15

what are blood types based on?

Answer 15

-the presence or absence of two antigens- type A and type B

Question 16

antibodies and antigens in blood

Answer 16

people have antibodies against antigens that are not in their own blood

Question 17

what is the process of haemostasis

Answer 17

-vascular spams occur
-platelets plug forms
-coagulation events occur

Question 18

vascular spams occur

Answer 18

-smooth muscle contracts causing vasoconstriction

Question 19

platelet plug forms

Answer 19

-injury to lining of vessel exposes collagen fibers; platelets adhere
-platelets release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky; more platelets are attracted to the area; platelets plug forms

Question 20

coagulation

Answer 20

-clotting factors present in plasma and released by injured tissue cells interact with Ca2+ in a complex cascade resulting in the production of fibrin
-fibrin forms a mesh that traps red blood cells and platelets, forming the clot