acid-base balance

Question 1

maintaining acid-base balance of blood

Answer 1

blood pH must remain between 7.35 and 7.45 to maintain homeostasis
-kidneys play greatest role in maintaining acid-base balance

Question 2

other acid-base controlling system

Answer 2

-blood buffers
-respiration

Question 3

acid-base systems

Answer 3

-protein buffer system
-protein buffer system: most abundant in intracellular fluid and blood plasma
-when pH rises, the COOh group dissociates to act like an acid
-when the pH falls, the free amino group dissociates to act like a base

Question 4

acid-base balance

Answer 4

-haemoglobin in red blood cells acts as a buffer

Question 5

acid-base balance

Answer 5

-kidney excretion of H+
-excreting H+ in the urine removes nonvolatile acids
-the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys secrete H+ into the tubular fluid

Question 6

factors that influence fluid distribution

Answer 6

-metabolic rate
-functional development of the kidneys
-body surface area
-breathing rate
-ion concentrations

Question 7

older adults

Answer 7

-have impaired ability to maintain fluid electrolyte and acid base balance
-often suffer from dehydration, hypernatremia, hypokalemia and acidosis