determinants of bone health and homeostasis Flashcards
nutrition for the muscular system
-minerals
-vitamins
-hormones
minerals
-calcium/phosphorus
-potassium/sodium
-sulphur
calcium/phosphorus
needed for muscle contraction
potassium/sodium
needed for muscle contraction
sulphur
-needed for muscle proteins
vitamins
-vitamin C
-vitamin D
vitamin C
to synthesise collagen (for muscle protein)
Vitamin D
-increases calcium absorption from GI tract
-needed for muscle regeneration
hormones
-growth hormone (GH)
-oestrogens and testosterone
growth hormone
-general growth of all tissues via IGF
oestrogens and testosterone
-stimulate muscle growth during adolescence
what affect of decreasing sex hormones have on muscle tissue
-decreasing sex hormones due to older age
-reduces muscle tissue
slow oxidative fibers myoglobin content
high
slow oxidative fibers nuclei
multi nucleated
slow oxidative fibers filament organisation
striated
slow oxidative fibers type of respiration
aerobic respiration
slow oxidative fibers speed of contraction
slow
slow oxidative fibers duration of contraction
long
slow oxidative fibers resistance to fatigue
high
slow oxidative fibers twitch
slow twitch
slow oxidative fibers function
endurance activities eg. running a marathon
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers myoglobin content
high
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers nuclei
multi nucleated
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers filament organisation
striated
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers types of respiration
aerobic and anaerobic
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers speed of concentration
fast
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers duration of contraction
brief
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers resistance to fatigue
moderate
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers twitch
fast twitch
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers function
short periods of intense activity
eg strength training or throwing a javelin
fast glyocolytic fibers myoglobin
low
fast glyocolytic fibers nuclei
multi nucleated
fast glyocolytic fibers filament organisation
striated
fast glyocolytic fibers type of respiration
glycolysis
fast glyocolytic fibers speed of concentration
fast and strong
fast glyocolytic fibers duration of contraction
short
fast glyocolytic fibers resistance to fatigue
low
fast glyocolytic fibers twitch
fast twitch
fast glyocolytic fibers function
short periods of intense activity
eg strength training or throwing a javelin
anabolic steroids
-introduced to treat anaemia, muscle-wasting diseases, to prevent muscle atrophy
-increases isometric strength and body weight
what are the affects of taking anabolic steroids
-acne
-hair loss
-infertility
-liver damage
-cancer
-high cholesterol
-risk of depression
-risk of delusions
risk of violent behaviour
sedentary lifestyle
-posture maintenance moves from slow twitch to fast twitch muscle fibres resulting in muscle fatigue
-poorer blood circulation in compressed areas
-increased stress on ligaments, joint capsules, thickening of connective tissues
how can we improve a sedentary lifestyle?
-exercise, particularly stretching and yoga
-exercise also improves balance and reduced risk injury
