fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 1

blood composition depends in three factors

Answer 1

-diet
-cellular metabolism
-urine output

Question 2

kidneys maintain blood

Answer 2

-water balance
-electrolyte balance
-pH
-excrete nitrogen- containing wastes

Question 3

fluids outside cells

Answer 3

-blood plasma
-interstitial fluid (IF)
-lymph
-transcellular fluid

Question 4

maintaining water balance of the blood

Answer 4

-clean drinking water and hygiene is essential to prevent infection
-saltwater can increase blood volume and pressure

Question 5

average output per day

Answer 5

-feces 4%
-sweat 8%
-insensible losses via skin and lungs 28%
-urine 60%

Question 6

average intake per day

Answer 6

-metabolism 10%
-foods 30%
-beverages 60%

Question 7

what does aldosterone do?

Answer 7

-helps regulate blood composition and blood volume by acting on the kidney

Question 8

-for each sodium ion reabsorbed

Answer 8

-a chloride ion follows
-and a potassium ion is secreted into the filtrate

Question 9

the role of sodium

Answer 9

-nerve impulse transmission
-muscle contraction
-fluid
-electrolytes balance

Question 10

the role of chloride

Answer 10

-regulates osmotic pressure
-forms hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Question 11

the role of potassium

Answer 11

-involved in fluid volume
-impulse conduction
-muscle contraction
-regulating pH

Question 12

the role of bicarbonate

Answer 12

-kidneys reabsorb or secrete it for final acid-base balance

Question 13

the role of calcium

Answer 13

-for bones and teeth
-blood coagulation
-neurotransmitter release
-muscle tone
-excitability of nerves and muscles

Question 14

the role of magnesium

Answer 14

-activates enzymes involved in carbohydrate and protein metabolism
-used in heart function
-transmission in the CNS
-operation of the sodium pump