determinants of cardiovascular health Flashcards
affects of ageing
-loss of artery elasticity, atherosclerosis
-reduction in cardiac muscle in fibre size
-progressive loss of cardiac muscular strength
-decline in maximum heart rate
affects of exercise
-increased cardiac muscle strength
-increased HDL cholesterol, decreased triglycerides
-improve lung function
-assist in weight control
age related problems with the cardiovascular system
-weakening of venous valves
-varicose veins
-progressive arteriosclerosis
-hypertension resulting from loss of elasticity of vessels
-coronary artery disease resulting from fatty, calcified deposits in the vessels
metal pollution
-arsenic, cadmium and lead linked to raised BP
-endothelial dysfunction and increased atherogenesis
climate change- cold winters
-hypothermia
-tachycardia
-hypertension
climate change- temperature increases
-dehydration
-tachycardia
-hypotension
climate change
-unpredictable weather events
-floods
-drought
What do floods and drought cause?
-food insecurity
what do dietary deficiencies cause?
-increased risk of heart disease
what is a ‘westernised diet’ associated with?
-associated with
-hypertension
-dyslipidaemia
-diabetes mellitus
-coronary artery disease
what does noise pollution lead to?
-associated with raised BP
-inflammation
-oxidative
-disrupted circadian rhythms influence cardiovascular risk factors
what does air pollution do to the lungs?
-oxidative stress
-inflammation
what does air pollution do to the heart?
-arrythmias
-increased sensitivity to ischemia
what does air pollution do to the vasculature?
-impaired endothelial function
-vascular inflammation
-accelerated atherosclerosis
what does air pollution do to the blood?
-leucocyte activity
-increased platelet activity
-increased coagulation
-decreased fibrinolysis
