structural organisation

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

study of the body structure, the shape and parts

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

the study of the function of body parts

Question 3

level of organisation

Answer 3

1. atoms and molecules- chemical level
2. cells
3. tissue
4. organs
5. organ system
6. organism

Question 4

structure of an atom

Answer 4

-nucleus
-protons
-neutrons
-with electrons on the shell

Question 5

main chemicals in the body

Answer 5

-oxygen
-carbon
-hydrogen
-nitrogen

Question 6

where is oxygen found in the body?

Answer 6

part of water, organic molecules, generates ATP

Question 7

where is carbon found in the body?

Answer 7

backbone of all organic molecules

Question 8

where is hydrogen found in the body?

Answer 8

part of water, most organic molecules

Question 9

where is nitrogen found in the body?

Answer 9

forms the nucleic acids and protein

Question 10

what are the types of chemical reaction?

Answer 10

-synthesis
-decomposition
-exchange

Question 11

what is synthesis and an example?

Answer 11

-smaller particles are bonded together to create larger, more complex molecules
-amino acid production

Question 12

what is decomposition and what is an example?

Answer 12

-bonds are broken in larger molecules, leaving smaller, less complex molecules
-glycogen broken down to produce glucose units

Question 13

what is exchange and what is an example?

Answer 13

-bonds are made and broken
-ATP to ADP

Question 14

what is activation energy?

Answer 14

the energy needed to start a reaction

Question 15

what is a catalyst?

Answer 15

speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 16

how does cellular respiration work?

Answer 16

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water +energy

Question 17

how does ATP drive cellular work?

Answer 17

-ATP provides the cell energy needed for energy-absorbing chemical reactions
-ATP drives the transport of certain solutes across a cell membrane
-ATP activates contractile proteins in muscle cells so that the cells can shorten and perform mechanical work

Question 18

label a cell membrane

Question 19

label a plasma membrane

Question 20

structure of nucleus

Answer 20

-nuclear envelope
-chromatin
-nucleolus
-nuclear pores

Question 21

what is a nuclear envelope?

Answer 21

separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 22

what is chromatin?

Answer 22

-mixture of DNA and proteins

Question 23

what is nucleolus?

Answer 23

-responsible for producing ribosomes

Question 24

what are nuclear pores?

Answer 24

protein lined channel that controls the movement of molecules

Question 25

what are two stages of gene and protein expression (protein synthesis)?

Answer 25

-transcription
-translation

Question 26

what is transcription?

Question 27

what is translation?

Question 28

what is the structure of the cytoplasm?

Answer 28

-cytosol
-inclusions
-organelles

Question 29

what is the process of cell division?

Answer 29

1. interphase- G1, S, G2
2. prophase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
5. telophase
6. cytokinesis

Question 30

types of cells

Answer 30

-epithelial
-muscle
-nervous

Question 31

what are epithelial cells, and an example?

Answer 31

forms boundaries, lines/covers structures
skin, gut lining

Question 32

what are connective cells, and an example?

Answer 32

support, protects, cushions, binds tissue
bone, cartilage, tendons

Question 33

what are nervous cells, and an example?

Answer 33

internal communication and control
brain, spinal cord

Question 34

what are skeletal muscles?

Answer 34

voluntarily controlled
pull on bones so muscles can move
lots of striations, lots of nuclei

Question 35

what are cardiac muscles?

Answer 35

involuntary movement
responsible for the heart
striations
one cell nucleus

Question 36

what are smooth (visceral) muscle?

Answer 36

found in the walls of hollow organs
no striations
one nucleus

Question 37

what are nervous tissue?

Answer 37

very easily triggered
conduct electrochemical impulses
lots of support cells around the nerves