determinants of bone health and homeostasis Flashcards
bone’s role in calcium homeostasis
-parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) when calcium levels drop
-Osteoclasts are stimulated to increase bone resorption and calcium is released
-PTH also stimulated the production of calcitriol by the kidneys to increase calcium absorption in the intestines
nutrition for the musculoskeletal system
-minerals
-vitamins
-hormones
minerals
-calcium/phorsphorus
-fluoride
-manganese
calcium/phosphorus
-harden bone matrix
-muscle contraction
fluroride
-strengthen bone matrix
vitamins
-A
-C
-D
-K and B12
vitamin A
-for cells remodelling bone
vitamin C
-to synthesise collagen
-main bone protein
vitamin D
-increase calcium absorption from GI tract
vitamin K and B12
-to synthesise bone proteins
-for red blood cells
hormones
-growth hormone (GH)
-insulin-like growth (IGFs)
-thyroid hormones (T3/T4)
-insulin
-oestrogons and testosterone
-parathyroid hormones (PTH)
growth hormone (GH)
-general growth of all tissues via IGF
insulin-like growth (IGFs), thyroid hormones (T3/T4), insulin
-promote bone synthesis
oestrogons and testosterone
-stimulate bone growth during adolescence
-contribute to bone remodelling to adults
parathyroid hormones (PTH)
-promotes bone resorption
effects of exercise
-weight-bearing exercise stimulates bone synthesis building stronger bones and reducing/reversing bone loss due to ageing
-variety of directions helps joints move in different directions
-makes body metabolism more efficient
-improves digestion, coordination
sedentary lifestyle and posture
-tends to worsen with age
-poor blood circulation in compressed areas
-back and neck pain, headaches
-can lead to compression of vertebrae
-bones weaken due to lack of exercise
active lifestyle
-good posture
-spine has normal curvature
-blood circulation not impeded
-strong bones
-greater ossification not impeded
-greater ability to heal bones fractures
