breathing, respiration and homeostasis

Question 1

respiration includes four distinct events

Answer 1

1. pulmonary ventilation
2. external respiration
3. respiration gas transport
4. internal respiration

Question 2

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 2

-moving air in and out of lungs (breathing)

Question 3

external respiration

Answer 3

-gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli

Question 4

respiration gas transport

Answer 4

transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream

Question 5

internal respiration

Answer 5

gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries

Question 6

inspiration

Answer 6

-flow of air into lungs
-air flows into the lungs until intrapulmonary pressure equals atmospheric pressure

Question 7

expiration

Answer 7

-air leaving lungs
-gases passively flow out to equalise the pressure

Question 8

movement: cough

Answer 8

blast of air rushes upward from lungs to clear the lower respiratory passageways

Question 9

movement: crying

Answer 9

-inspiration followed by a release of air in a number of short expirations
-emotionally induced

Question 10

movement: sneeze

Answer 10

expelled air is directed through nasal cavities to clear upper respiratory passages

Question 11

movement: laughing

Answer 11

similar to crying

Question 12

movement: hiccups

Answer 12

-sudden inspirations resulting from spasms of diaphragm
-initiated by irritation of diaphragm or associated nerves

Question 13

movement: yawn

Answer 13

-very deep inspiration
-taken with jaws wide open
-ventilates all alveoli

Question 14

gas exchange

Answer 14

-towards an area of lower concentration

Question 15

external respiration is between

Answer 15

alveoli and pulmonary blood

Question 16

internal respiration is between

Answer 16

blood and tissue cells

Question 17

breathing control centers

Answer 17

-medulla centers
-pons centers

Question 18

efferent nerve impulses from medulla

Answer 18

-trigger contraction of inspiratory muscles
-phrenic nerves
-intercostal nerves

Question 19

breathing control centers are stimulated by:

Answer 19

-CO2 and H+ increase in tissue
-nerve impulse from O2 sensor indicating O2 decrease

Question 20

chemical factors influencing respiration

Answer 20

-hyperventilation
-hypoventilation

Question 21

hyperventilation

Answer 21

rising levels of CO2 in the blood (acidosis) results in faster, deeper breathing

Question 22

hypoventilation

Answer 22

results when blood becomes alkaline (alkalosis) results in slow or shallow breathing

Question 23

physical factors influencing respiration

Answer 23

-increased body temperature
-exercise
-talking
-coughing
-volitation (conscious control)

Question 24

emotional factors influencing respiration

Answer 24

-feeling fear
-feeling anger
-feeling excited