birth to childhood

Question 1

labour

Answer 1

-fetus expelled from uterus through vagina
-skin has ‘soft spots’ to allow compression during birth
-control of contractions by positive feedback

Question 2

false labour

Answer 2

-irregular contractions
-discharge of blood with mucus

Question 3

true labour

Answer 3

-uterine contractions occur at regular intervals
-occurs in three stages

Question 4

the three stages of true labour

Answer 4

-stage of dilation
-stage of expulsion
-placental stage

Question 5

newborns at birth

Question 6

adjustments at birth

Answer 6

-thermoregulatory
-non-shivering thermogenesis

Question 7

thermoregulatory change

Question 8

non-shivering thermogenesis

Question 9

APGAR score for newborn

Answer 9

-appearence (skin colour)
-pulse (heart rate)
-grimace (reflexes)
-activity (muscle tone)
-respiration

Question 10

nervous system development

Answer 10

-most development during infancy (5 weeks to 1 year)
-eyesight lacks colour and depth perception, but keeps developing until ages 8 or 9
-can hear sound, acute sense of taste and smell
-reflexes used to evaluate developing nervous system

Question 11

types of reflexes

Answer 11

-asymmetric tonic neck reflexes (ATNR)
-step reflex
-grasp reflex
-symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR)
-moro/ startle reflex
-babinski’s reflex
-rooting reflex
-sucking reflex

Question 12

asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

Answer 12

-from birth to 6 months
-importance for balance and movement

Question 13

step reflex

Answer 13

-first two months
-not related to walking, which occurs much later

Question 14

grasp reflex

Answer 14

-from 1 to 6 months
-in response to being touched on the hand

Question 15

symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR)

Answer 15

-from two months
-crawl to mother’s breast when placed on abdomen
-not related to crawling which occurs later

Question 16

moro/ startle reflex

Answer 16

-from 1 to 6 months
-abrupt response to loss of balance

Question 17

babinski’s reflex

Answer 17

-first two years
-toes fan out when foot is stroked
-if present after two years, indication of damage to nerves connected to spinal cord and brain

Question 18

rooting reflex

Answer 18

-first 3-4 months
-turns head and open mouth to respond to being stroked
-like searching for mother’s breast
-retention might mean oral motor control issues

Question 19

sucking reflex

Answer 19

-helps infants hold onto the nipple and swallow milk