introduction to body systems Flashcards
what is included in the integumentary system?
-skin, fingernails, toenails and hair
what is the purpose of the integumentary system?
-waterproof the body, cushions and protects deeper tissue from injury
-sweat and oil glands
-produces vitamin d with the help of sunlight
-helps regulate the body temperature
-location of sensory receptors
what is included in the reproductive system?
females:
males:
what is the purpose of the reproductive system?
to produce human offspring
females: ovaries produce eggs, uterus provides site of development for fetus, mammary glands produce milk
males: produce sperm and sex hormones, duct system carries sperm to exterior
what is included in the muscular system?
different types of muscles
what is the purpose of the muscular system?
-skeletal muscles contract to produce movement of bones
-maintains posture
-produces heat
-manipulation of environment, movement and facial expression
development of muscular system
-increasing muscular control-> more mature muscular system
-muscle control-> distal/proximal or superior/inferior
-muscles must be exercised regularly to maintain healthy without exercising muscle atrophy, extreme exercise causes hypertrophy
-as we age, muscles mass decreases, muscles become weaker
-exercise helps to retain muscle mass and strength
what is included in the skeletal system?
-bones
-cartilages
-ligaments
-joints
what is the purpose of the skeletal system?
-provides muscle attachment for movement
-protection of vital organs
-site of blood formation in bone marrow
-stores minerals
development of skeleton
-first ‘long bones’ of fetus are hyaline cartilage
-earliest ‘flat bones’ of fetus skull are fibrous membranes
-when the fetus grows, bone models converts into bone
-at birth, the head and trunk, are proportionally larger than the rest of the limbs
-during puberty the female pelvis broadens, the male skeleton becomes robust
-by the end of adolescence, epiphyseal plates become fully ossified
what is included in the respiratory system?
lungs, trachea, nose, diagphram
what is the purpose of the respiratory system?
-filters the air that is inhaled
-gases are exchanged with the blood in the air sacs in the lungs
-supplies the body oxygen it needs
-removes carbon dioxide
what is included in the cardiovascular system?
the heart and the vessels
what is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?
the heart pumps blood and the blood vessels transport blood to tissues
what is included in the lymphatic system?
lymph nodes
lymph organs
