human physiology Flashcards
what are the stages of freud’s psychoanalytic theory of development?
-oral stage
-anal stage
-phallic stage
-latent stage
-gentital stage
oral stage
-birth to 1
-based on feeding
-oral stimulation through tasting and sucking
-if needs are not met, leads to oral fixation developing later, such as thumb-sucking, smoking, fingernail biting, overreating
anal stage
-1 to 3
-control of the bladder and bowel movements
-potty and toilet training
phallic stage
-3 to 6
-gender awareness
-adopt values of same-sex parent and form superego
-develop greater bond with opposite-sex parent
latent stage
-6 to 11
-resolution of previous stages
-develop social skills, values, relationships with peers and adults outside the family
gentital
-11 to 18
-become sexually aware of self and others
-onset of puberty
Erikson’s psychological development theory?
-trust v mistrust
-autonomy v shame and doubt
-initiative v guilt
-industry v inferiority
-identity v role confusion
-intimacy v isolation
-generativity v stagnation
-integrity v despair
trust v mistrust
-infant to 1.5
-development of trust when cared for and responded to
-abuse and neglect foster mistrust
-development of hope or withdrawal
autonomy v shame and doubt
-1 to 3
-develop autonomy, independent thought, confidence to act for oneself
-willpower and self control or compulsive behaviours
initiative v guilt
-preschool 4 to 6
-confidence to perform actions while understanding risks
-develop purpose and direction, inhibition
industry v inferiority
-7 to 13
-competence to perform skills
-inferiority from feeling incapable of experiencing failure or inability to discover own strengths
generativity v stagnation
-41 to 65
-fostering and nurturing of children
-develop unconditional love and care or rejectivity
identity v role confusion
-12 to 18
-understanding of how one fits onto the surrounding world
-develop fidelity and devotion, or repudiation behaviour
intimacy v isolation
-19 to 40
-develop relationships with friends, family and partners
-develop sexual maturity, love, support or exclusivity
integrity v despair
-65+
-understanding of self and satisfaction with life
-could feel wasted time, opportunity and chances
-foster wisdom or despair
piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
-sensorimotor
-preoperational thought
-concrete operational
-formal operational
sensorimotor stage
-birth to 2
-sensory and motor actions develop
-first simple reflexes like thumb sucking
-actions become more deliberate over time
preoperational thought
-2 to 7
-use imaginative or symbolic play
-egocentric- believe everyone sees the world the same way they do
-conservation- understand that quantity does not change if shape changes
concrete operational
-7 to 11
-learn to use logic to solve real life problems
-develop seriation, classification, reversibility and complex mathematical skills
formal operational
-11 to adulthood
-abstract thinking leads to reasoning with more complex symbols
-deductive reasoning with systematic problem solving
-become concerned with hypothetical, future and ideological problems
