Teaching And Learning Chinese As A Foreign Language -- Janet Zhiqun Xing, Hongkong University Press, 2006

Question 1

Đừng làm vậy mà.

Answer 1

別這樣做嗎。

Question 2

Nị sao có thể làm vậy được hả?

Answer 2

妳怎麼會這樣做呢？disbelief, dismay at what has done

Question 3

就

Answer 3

Pp 45-46

Question 4

Emphasizing

Answer 4

Pg 47

Question 5

上，下

Answer 5

p 74-76

Question 6

Pronunciation
The palatal sounds (j, q, x) only occur before high front vowels i and ü (the front rounded vowel ü often has its two dots omitted after the palatal sounds because the back front vowel u never occurs after the palatal sounds.

The retroflex sounds (zh, ch, sh) only occur before the remaining vowels a, e, u, and i. (The i sound after zhi, chi, shi4 is a low front vowel; it is different from the after the palatal sounds [ji, qi, xi].)

Many Chinese native speakers either do not or cannot distinguish retroflexes from dental sibilants (z, c, s), such as in words 四 vs. 試，春 vs. 村, and 找 vs. 早.

Answer 6

P 97

Question 7

Characters and words
Six principles, 六書: pictographic 象形 tượng hình, indicative 指事 chỉ sự, ideographic 會意 hội ý, picto-phonetic 形聲 hình thanh, mutually interpretive or notative 轉注 chuyển chú, and phonetic loan 假借 giả tá

Indicative characters use symbols to express abstract meanings, such as using a point above the horizon line to indicate the concept of “over, above, on”. The combination of pictographic and indicative principles produces ideographic or associative characters (e.g. ri4 + yue4 = ming2). The most productive principle in constructing characters is the picto-phonetic method for it can take any existing pictographic form and combine it with any existing phonetic form to create a new character. This is why about ninety percent of Chinese characters belong to this category in modern Chinese. Mutually interpretive and phonetic loan are mostly used to extend the meaning of existing characters.

Nine styles of Chinese characters, picture uploaded to Google Drive

Answer 7

P 102, 104-105

loan words p. 120-124

Question 8

天快亮了。我起床就給你做早點。
嗯，今天我得早點上班，所以隨便吃點就走。
你就這麼對待一天最重要的一頓飯嗎？
我就是不想吃，你就別囉嗦了。
你這人怎麼說不吃就不吃了呢？
不吃就是不吃，你怎麼沒完沒了？
我好心好意，你就這樣對待我？
好好，就算我不好，行了吧？就這麼點事，何必呢？
你們男人就是沒有一個好東西！
唉，就是論事，別瞎扯！【說完就走了】
你就別再回來！
p. 45-46

Answer 8

Tiān kuài liàngle. Wǒ qǐchuáng jiù gěi nǐ zuò zǎodiǎn.
Ń, jīntiān wǒ dé zǎodiǎn shàngbān, suǒyǐ suíbiàn chī diǎn jiù zǒu.
Nǐ jiù zhème duìdài yītiān zuì zhòngyào de yī dùn fàn ma?
Wǒ jiùshì bùxiǎng chī, nǐ jiù bié luōsuole.
Nǐ zhè rén zěnme shuō bu chī jiù bù chīle ne?
Bù chī jiùshì bù chī, nǐ zěnme méiwán méiliǎo?
Wǒ hǎoxīn hǎoyì, nǐ jiù zhèyàng duìdài wǒ?
Hǎohǎo, jiùsuàn wǒ bù hǎo, xíngle ba? Jiù zhème diǎn shì, hébì ne?
Nǐmen nánrén jiùshì méiyǒu yīgè hǎo dōngxī!
Āi, jiùshì lùn shì, bié xiāchě![Shuō wán jiù zǒule]
nǐ jiù bié zài huílái!

Question 9

Nominal clauses

我最喜歡我媽媽從一個賣很多兒童的喜歡看的書的書店買的書。P 163

Answer 9

I like the book that my mother bought from a store where they sell a lot of children’s book that many children actually like to read.

Question 10

Informal 
老爺子
老師
問
女的
老婆
特別
不同
好玩
炒魷魚 get fired
泡妞 pao4niu1
毛病
打笛 da3di1 take taxi
你幹嘛？
早就聽說過您。
Fashionable: loan words and accented words borrowed from the dialects of Taiwan, Hongkong, Guangzhou

Answer 10

Formal P 171-172
父親
先生
請教
婦女
太太
別緻 bie2zhi4 biệt trí
區別 qu1bie2 khu biệt
有意思
解僱 be laid of
跟女孩子在一起
缺點
坐出租汽車 (mainland)
您在做什麼？
久仰久仰 (久聞大名) cửu ngưỡng

Question 11

by the way

Answer 11

順便說一下 p 187

Question 12

spoken texts 
好 (favorably)，對，嗯 (least)，就是 (most)，行
不，不對，不過，得了，哼
哪，那麼，天哪
的確，是的，當然，對
不過，但是，就是，可
那，然後，後來
真的，啊，呵，怪，唉呀
瞧，嘿
哼
唉，嗨，天哪
對了，得了，唉，嘿
喂，嘿，你說，唉
嗯，唉，啊
好吧，好了

Answer 12

p 189
agreement
disagreement
consequence
confirmation
transition
sequence
surprise
drawing attention
disbelief
disappointment
interjection
initiation
responding
concluding

Question 13

得了 de2le
甲：我覺得…
已：得了，你別說了，咱們先聽聽老大的意見吧。

甲：這種事你得問我，我是專家。
已：得了，我還不知道你？你知道什麼呀？

Answer 13

“Đủ rồi”
That’s it! You stop. Let’s first listen to Lao Da’s opinion.

Tôi còn không biết nị hả?
You? You don’t think I know you? What do you know?

Question 14

Discourse functions of sentence final particles
吧 soliciting agreement (i.e. suggestion, modesty,
啊/呀 reduced forcefulness (i.e. confirmation, command,
麼 insistence (i.e. obviousness, assurance, exhortation)
了 end of discourse
呢 coherence, dính liền (i.e. response to expectation, turn-taking signal)

Answer 14

p 224-227
supposition, agreement)
warning, impatience) reduced or soften a tone
不需要麼。Of course, there is no need. (obviousness)
…, 就好了麼 you would be okay. (assurance)
再喝一杯麼。(You sure) can have another drink. (exhortation: urging someone to do something)
拜託(啦) (I’m) counting on you. (expressing gratitude)