語法句型

Question 1

聲 noun, not verb (if verb, should have 得）

Answer 1

雨 聲 怎麼樣？雨聲hua-la-la. Tiếng mưa ra làm sao?

笑 聲 怎麼樣？笑聲ha-ha-ha.

Question 2

search Pleco for "classifier"
份 fèn, for gifts, newspaper, magazine, papers, reports
根 gen1, for long, slender objiects
條 tiáo, for long thin things (ribbon, river, road, trousers)
支 zhi1, for rods, gậy, que
張 zhang1, for flat objects, sheets
本 ben3, for books, periodicals, files
杯 bei1
棵 ke1, for trees, plants, cabbages
束 shù, a bag with two ends tied up, for bunches, bundles, beams of light etc
把
句 ju4
包 bao1
首
道 dao4
塊 kuai4
隻 zhi1, con, cái, chiếc
雙 shuang1 song, đôi
打 da3
輛 liang4
匹 pi1, for horses, mules etc; Taiwan pr. [pi1]
架 jià for planes, large vehicles, radios etc
件 jian4 for events, things, clothes etc
項 xiàng for principles, items, clauses, tasks, research projects etc
套 tao4
碗 wǎn
眼 yǎn
班 ban1
則 ze2 for written items

檔 dang3
任 ren4

Answer 2

一份報
一根香蕉 gen1 xiang1jiao1 
一條河
一支筆
一張嘴 zui3 miệng
一本書
一杯咖啡
一棵樹 ke1; shu4
一束花 yi2 shu4 hua1, một bó hoa

一把傘, 一把刀
一句話，一句歌詞 ju4; ge1ci2 ca từ
一包糖果，一包瓜子
一首歌，一首詩 shou3 thủ, bài; shi1, thi, thơ
一道菜 một món ăn
一塊糖，一塊肉， 一塊蛋糕
一隻鳥，一隻狗
一雙手， 一雙筷子 shuang1 đôi
一打鉛筆， 一打可樂 da3 tá, dozen
這輛腳踏車 jiao3ta4che1
這匹“鐵馬“ tie3ma3
今天一早有很多架戰機在試飛 zhan4ji1 chiến cơ; shi4 fei
kiện 
hạng, kiện, điều, mục
 一項調查 diao4cha2
bộ, 一整套 zheng3, trọn bộ

chuyến (xe, máy bay)
A: 我傳了好幾則LINE訊息給你，你怎麼都「已讀不回」？
把牙刷
把椅子
把鑰匙
張桌子
隻碗
頂帽子
我投資一檔股票 持有五年 大賺超過100%
我第一任男友就嚇到...

Question 3

mostly negative things?
被 + Verb + Complement
被/叫/讓 ＋ Object + (給) Verb + Complement

Answer 3

太陽被遮住了。zhe1 che
烏雲叫風給吹散了。chui1san4
太陽讓烏雲遮住了。để mây che

Question 4

Have done something for some duration
    đã học bốn năm rồi
Have NOT done something for some duration 
    đã một tuần không ăn rồi
Time adverb 有 duration negative verb
    tuần trước CÓ ba ngày không ăn

Answer 4

(已經) verb 了duration 了 (duration AFTER the verb)
我學華語，已經學 了 四年 了。
(已經) duration neg. verb 了 (duration BEFORE the verb)
他已經一個星期沒吃東西 了。

他上星期 有 三天沒吃東西。(without 了)

Question 5

một khi…, liền

toàn thân trên dưới

Answer 5

只要靜靜地 一 想， 就讓全身上下動起來。jing4jing4

Question 6

không những… ,mà còn

Answer 6

不但…,而且 bu2dan4… er2qie3

他不但喜歡做菜，而且做得好吃極了。

Question 7

又 adj1/verb1 又 adj2/verb2

也。。。。也。。。。

Answer 7

Same subject; with adj/verb only
大家又說又笑。
Same or different subjects
你也來了，他也來了，我們可以開始了。

Question 8

一 measure word 又 一 measure word: one after another

一 measure word 比 一 measure word: (cái) sau so (cái) trước

Answer 8

一天又一天 ngày lại ngày
一張又一張
只要我的撲滿、一天比一天重、我就很滿足了。fu1man3 piggy bank; man3zu2
一 年/首/個/次 比 年/首/個/次

Question 9

寧願放棄…, 也要… thà bỏ…

do volunteer

Answer 9

我寧願放棄參加夏令營，也要去醫院做志工。Wǒ nìngyuàn fàngqì cānjiā xiàlìngyíng, yě yào qù yīyuàn zuò zhì gōng. hạ lịnh dinh, summer camp; chí công, volunteer

Question 10

Tuy (nhiên)… nhưng mà lại…

Answer 10

雖然我每天去超市買菜，可是卻不懂烹飪。Suīrán wǒ měitiān qù chāoshì mǎi cài, kěshì què bù dǒng pēngrèn. cooking

Question 11

(Từ nay) về sau tôi nhất định phải…, để khỏi…

Answer 11

以後我一定要小心謹慎，免得上當。Yǐhòu wǒ yi2dìng yào xiǎoxīn jǐnshèn, miǎnde shàngdàng. cẩn thận; bị gạt

Question 12

đừng nói…, ngay cả…

Answer 12

別說衣服洗得乾乾淨淨的，就連房間整理得整整齊齊的。Bié shuō yīfú xǐ de gāngān jìngjìng de, jiù lián fángjiān zhěnglǐ de zhěngzhěng qí qí de. chỉnh tề

Question 13

đáng tiếc tôi cũng không…, vô pháp…

Answer 13

可惜我也不會開車，沒法載你。Kěxí wǒ yě bù huì kāichē, méi fǎ zài nǐ.

Question 14

嗎 without ?

Answer 14

這個嗎，讓我再好好的想一想。cái này hả

小梅的生日宴嗎，我們都知道了。yan4 yến

Question 15

呢 without ? 表示加強，確定的語氣。

Biǎoshì jiāqiáng, quèdìng de yǔqì.

Answer 15

記得帶傘，外面正下著雨呢！bên ngoài đúng đang mưa đó!

Question 16

了：不耐煩，勸只等的語氣。Bù nàifán, quàn zhǐ děng de yǔqì Impatient, persuaded only wait for the tone

Answer 16

好了，別哭了，他已經把書還給你了。đừng khóc mà

別再說了，我已經聽得很多了。đừng nói nữa mà

Question 17

không (cái này), thì (cái kia)

Answer 17

他不是第一名，就是第二名，表現非常優異。

Tā bùshì dì yī míng, jiùshì dì èr míng, biǎoxiàn fēicháng yōuyì. ưu dị

Question 18

luôn… trong đó, tổng cộng

Answer 18

連星期日在內，總共可放假九天。

Lián xīngqírì zài nèi, zǒnggòng kě fàngjià jiǔtiān.

Question 19

那和什麼的用法

Answer 19

『哪』的後面一定要有量詞，『什麼』後面一定沒有量詞。liang4ci2 lượng từ

Question 20

衣服讓孩子(給)弄臟了。nong4 zang1
強盜叫警察(給)抓住了。qiang2dao4 jing3cha2 zhua1zhu4
強盜給抓住了。

Answer 20

(Counter/Word Type, Pronunciation?)
衣服讓孩子(給)弄臟了。nong4 zang1
強盜叫警察(給)抓住了。qiang2dao4 jing3cha2 zhua1zhu4
強盜給抓住了。

` ` ` v
被，讓，叫，給

In spoken or in colloquial writing, bei4 is often replaced by rang4 or jiao4, but only if an agent is involved. In these cases gei3 may also be used directly before the verb.
bei4 doesn't usually go with gei3.
In colloquial speech, gei3 may be used to replace bei4 in sentences where the agent is not specified.
The bei4 (rang4/jiao4) is often used to narrate an unpleasant event.
Adverbials of manner or location in bei4 sentences may precede either bei or the verb. In the latter case, the adverbial becomes more emphatic.
(Unit 2 The 被 structure)

Question 21

送，還，賠，借

Definition, Pronunciation

Answer 21

送，還，賠，借
(Definition, Pronunciation)
朋友送給我一瓶酒。ping2
他還給我們一張郵票。you2piao4
保險公司賠給他們一筆錢嗎？bi3
他借我兩鎊錢。bang4
他借給我兩鎊錢。

` ‘ ‘ ` tống hoàn, bồi, tá
The verbs song4, huan2 and pei2 may be suffixed by gei3 w/o any change in meaning.
The verb jie4 usually means ‘to borrow’ mượn, but when suffixed with gei3, it means ‘to lend’ cho mượn.
(Unit 3, Dative constructions with direct and indirect objects)

Question 22

使，讓(叫/教)，令

Answer 22

使，讓(叫/教)，令
(Definition, Pronunciation)
這個消息使我很高興。
她的話使他很難過。
兒子的行為讓父親著急。
這件事叫/教我不安。
這個消息令人高興。
她的話令人失望。

The verb shi3 or rang4 (and sometimes more colloquially, 叫 jiao4 or its variant 教 jiao4) may also be used with a second verb which is derived from an adjective.
Note: ling4 may be used in a similar way but has a more formal tone, particularly when used with ren2 ‘people/one’.
(Unit 4, Causative constructions)

Question 23

你等了 他 多久？
你姐姐當了多少年 (的)護士？ or 你姐姐當護士當了多少年？
你和你朋友跳了幾個鐘頭 (的)舞？or 你和你朋友跳舞跳了幾個鐘頭?

Answer 23

(Counter/Word Type, Pronunciation?)

你等了 他 多久？
你姐姐當了多少年 (的)護士？ or 你姐姐當護士當了多少年？
你和你朋友跳了幾個鐘頭 (的)舞？or 你和你朋友跳舞跳了幾個鐘頭?

verb with object, interrogative expressions

When there is an object with the verb, if it is a pronoun it precedes the interrogative expression (duration questions); if it is a noun it follows the interrogative expression with or without 的。
One cannot say: *你和你朋友跳舞了幾個鐘頭？
(Unit 9 More interrogative expressions)

Question 24

來，去

Answer 24

她上街去買菜了。
她上街買菜去了。
工人來修理水龍頭了。
工人修理水龍頭來了。

Purpose. The second action explains the purpose of the first action (qu4/lai2).
More colloquially, qu4 and lai2 may be placed at the end of the sentence.
(Unit 5, Serial constructions)

Question 25

朋友送給我一瓶酒。ping2
他還給我們一張郵票。you2piao4
保險公司賠給他們一筆錢嗎？bi3
他借我兩鎊錢。bang4
他借給我兩鎊錢。

Answer 25

` ‘ ‘ ` tống hoàn, bồi, tá
送，還，賠，借

The verbs song4, huan2 and pei2 may be suffixed by gei3 w/o any change in meaning.
The verb jie4 usually means ‘to borrow’ mượn, but when suffixed with gei3, it means ‘to lend’ cho mượn.
(Unit 3, Dative constructions with direct and indirect objects)

Question 26

了, comment or summing up

Answer 26

好了。That’s it. Xong rồi. Được rồi. (e.g. Some job has been done; some discussion should end, etc.)
(我的話)完了。
時間到了。
算了，算了。Okay, okay. (e.g. It’s no longer worth making a fuss about.)
別生氣了。Đừng giận nữa.
不要說話了。
起床了。Dậy được rồi.
咱們開始了。
le is generally used after an adjective or a verb (or verb phrase) at the end of a sentence when the speaker sees a situation as having come to a stage which requires comment or summing up.
(Unit 8, Sentence particle 了)

Question 27

被，讓，叫，給

Answer 27

衣服讓孩子(給)弄臟了。nong4 zang1
強盜叫警察(給)抓住了。qiang2dao4 jing3cha2 zhua1zhu4
強盜給抓住了。

` ` ` v
In spoken or in colloquial writing, bei4 is often replaced by rang4 or jiao4, but only if an agent is involved. In these cases gei3 may also be used directly before the verb.
bei4 doesn’t usually go with gei3.
In colloquial speech, gei3 may be used to replace bei4 in sentences where the agent is not specified.
The bei4 (rang4/jiao4) is often used to narrate an unpleasant event.
Adverbials of manner or location in bei4 sentences may precede either bei or the verb. In the latter case, the adverbial becomes more emphatic.
(Unit 2 The 被 structure)

Question 28

了, imminent action, intention or change

Answer 28

我走了。Tôi đi đây.
來了。I'm coming. (Tôi) tới đây.
飛機快起飛了。
(天) 要下雨了。
火車馬上就要開了。
le is frequently used with expressions of imminent action, intention or change, often with adverbs such as 快 kuai4, (就) 要, etc.
(Unit 8, Sentence particle 了)

Question 29

verb with object, interrogative expressions

Answer 29

你等了 他 多久？
你姐姐當了多少年 (的)護士？ or 你姐姐當護士當了多少年？
你和你朋友跳了幾個鐘頭 (的)舞？or 你和你朋友跳舞跳了幾個鐘頭?

When there is an object with the verb, if it is a pronoun it precedes the interrogative expression (duration questions); if it is a noun it follows the interrogative expression with or without 的。
One cannot say: *你和你朋友跳舞了幾個鐘頭？
(Unit 9 More interrogative expressions)

Question 30

還是，或者

Answer 30

這件事你去辦，還是我去辦。

In alternative-questions, hai2shi4 rather than huo4zhe3 should be used.
(Unit 11, Conjunctions and conjunctives linking clauses in compound sentences (1))

Question 31

即使… 也…

哪怕/就算… 也…

Answer 31

即使你很忙，也得抽空來一趟。to find time
這雙鞋哪怕/就算穿十年，也穿不破。

Even though, although, even if
Conjunctions like na3pa4 and jiu4suan4 refer to potential rather actual events.
(Unit 12, Conjunctions and conjunctives linking clauses in compound sentences (2))

Question 32

Adverbials of manner are derived from adjectives of two or more syllables. 地

Answer 32

她在認真得學舞蹈。
朋友熱情得招待了我。
奶奶慢慢地上了火車。
爸爸急匆匆地跳上了公共汽車。
孩子很快地睡著了。
火車非常早地到達了倫敦。

(Monosyllabic adjectives must be reduplicated or suffixed with reduplicated sound-connotative phonaesthemes or modified by a degree adverb.) These adverbials are placed before the verb in the sentence and are usually followed by the particle 地 (see Unit 16).
(Unit 15, Adverbials (summary))

Question 33

Both monosyllabic and disyllabic adjectives may be used as adverbials of manner in imperatives.

Answer 33

慢走！Take care!
快過來！
認真學習！

They are not suffixed with 地.
(Unit 15, Averbials (summary))

Question 34

的 is also used to form part of the comment of a topic-comment structure generally in conjunction with 是

Answer 34

With nouns:
這本雜誌是英文的。
那把椅子是木頭的。
With non-gradable adjectives:
我說的那個人是男的。
這是真的，不是假的。
With verbs:
我的頭髮是新燙的。
這雙鞋是破的。
With clauses:
這個日記本是她送給我的。
那個菜是媽媽做的。
With reduplicated adjectives or verbs or set expressions, in these cases without 是:
山路高高低低的。
桌子上亂七八糟的。

Non-gradable adjectives are adjectives which cannot be modified by a degree adverb like 很, etc.
Note: Gradable adjectives as predicatives/comments of course do not require 是 or 的:
這件衣服很漂亮。
(Unit 16, 的，得，地 (summary))

Question 35

是… 的

Answer 35

他們是去的北京。They went to Beijing.
他們是去北京。They are going to Beijing.

代表團是前個月到的。
他是上星期去的倫敦。
他是在上海進的大學。
我是為你著想。zhuo2xiang3 consider

是媽媽在看管行李。
爸爸是帶著一副黑眼鏡。
舅舅是在海裡見過鯊魚。
是消防員救出了燒傷的弟弟。

This structure is regularly used to emphasize the time, place, manner, purpose, etc. of an action that has taken place (see Basic Chinese, Unit 19).
Note that 的 is not present if the action is not in the past but is going to take place
(Unit 16, 的，得，地 (summary))

If the adverbial is to be highlighted, 是 is placed immediately before the adverbial (and if the action of the verb in the sentence refers to the past, with 的 coming either at the end of the sentence following the verb or between the verb and its object if there is one).
If an aspect marker is present, 是 by itself is sufficient for the intensifying purpose and 的 does not have to occur at the end of the sentence.
(Unit 20, Idiomatic uses of 是)

Question 36

這個消息使我很高興。
她的話使他很難過。
兒子的行為讓父親著急。
這件事叫/教我不安。
這個消息令人高興。
她的話令人失望。

Answer 36

使，讓(叫/教)，令

The verb shi3 or rang4 (and sometimes more colloquially, 叫 jiao4 or its variant 教 jiao4) may also be used with a second verb which is derived from an adjective.
Note: ling4 may be used in a similar way but has a more formal tone, particularly when used with ren2 ‘people/one’.
(Unit 4, Causative constructions)

Question 37

她上街去買菜了。
她上街買菜去了。
工人來修理水龍頭了。
工人修理水龍頭來了。

Answer 37

來，去

Purpose. The second action explains the purpose of the first action (qu4/lai2).
More colloquially, qu4 and lai2 may be placed at the end of the sentence.
(Unit 5, Serial constructions)

Question 38

好了。That's it. Xong rồi. Được rồi. (e.g. Some job has been done; some discussion should end, etc.)
(我的話)完了。
時間到了。
算了，算了。Okay, okay. (e.g. It's no longer worth making  a fuss about.)
別生氣了。Đừng giận nữa.
不要說話了。
起床了。Dậy được rồi.
咱們開始了。

Answer 38

了, comment or summing up

le is generally used after an adjective or a verb (or verb phrase) at the end of a sentence when the speaker sees a situation as having come to a stage which requires comment or summing up.
(Unit 8, Sentence particle 了)

Question 39

我走了。Tôi đi đây.
來了。I'm coming. (Tôi) tới đây.
飛機快起飛了。
(天) 要下雨了。
火車馬上就要開了。

Answer 39

了, imminent action, intention or change

le is frequently used with expressions of imminent action, intention or change, often with adverbs such as 快 kuai4, (就) 要, etc.
(Unit 8, Sentence particle 了)

Question 40

這件事你去辦，還是我去辦。

Answer 40

還是，或者

In alternative-questions, hai2shi4 rather than huo4zhe3 should be used.
(Unit 11, Conjunctions and conjunctives linking clauses in compound sentences (1))

Question 41

即使你很忙，也得抽空來一趟。to find time

這雙鞋哪怕/就算穿十年，也穿不破。

Answer 41

即使… 也…
哪怕/就算… 也…

Even though, although, even if
Conjunctions like na3pa4 and jiu4suan4 refer to potential rather actual events.
(Unit 12, Conjunctions and conjunctives linking clauses in compound sentences (2))

Question 42

她在認真得學舞蹈。
朋友熱情得招待了我。
奶奶慢慢地上了火車。
爸爸急匆匆地跳上了公共汽車。
孩子很快地睡著了。
火車非常早地到達了倫敦。

Answer 42

Adverbials of manner are derived from adjectives of two or more syllables. 地

(Monosyllabic adjectives must be reduplicated or suffixed with reduplicated sound-connotative phonaesthemes or modified by a degree adverb.) These adverbials are placed before the verb in the sentence and are usually followed by the particle 地 (see Unit 16).
(Unit 15, Adverbials (summary))

Question 43

慢走！Take care!
快過來！
認真學習！

Answer 43

Both monosyllabic and disyllabic adjectives may be used as adverbials of manner in imperatives.

They are not suffixed with 地.
(Unit 15, Averbials (summary))

Question 44

With nouns:
這本雜誌是英文的。
那把椅子是木頭的。
With non-gradable adjectives:
我說的那個人是男的。
這是真的，不是假的。
With verbs:
我的頭髮是新燙的。
這雙鞋是破的。
With clauses:
這個日記本是她送給我的。
那個菜是媽媽做的。
With reduplicated adjectives or verbs or set expressions, in these cases without 是:
山路高高低低的。
桌子上亂七八糟的。

Answer 44

的 is also used to form part of the comment of a topic-comment structure generally in conjunction with 是

Non-gradable adjectives are adjectives which cannot be modified by a degree adverb like 很, etc.
Note: Gradable adjectives as predicatives/comments of course do not require 是 or 的:
這件衣服很漂亮。
(Unit 16, 的，得，地 (summary))

Question 45

他們是去的北京。They went to Beijing.
他們是去北京。They are going to Beijing.

代表團是前個月到的。
他是上星期去的倫敦。
他是在上海進的大學。
我是為你著想。zhuo2xiang3 consider

是媽媽在看管行李。
爸爸是帶著一副黑眼鏡。
舅舅是在海裡見過鯊魚。
是消防員救出了燒傷的弟弟。

Answer 45

是… 的

This structure is regularly used to emphasize the time, place, manner, purpose, etc. of an action that has taken place (see Basic Chinese, Unit 19).
Note that 的 is not present if the action is not in the past but is going to take place
(Unit 16, 的，得，地 (summary))

If the adverbial is to be highlighted, 是 is placed immediately before the adverbial (and if the action of the verb in the sentence refers to the past, with 的 coming either at the end of the sentence following the verb or between the verb and its object if there is one).
If an aspect marker is present, 是 by itself is sufficient for the intensifying purpose and 的 does not have to occur at the end of the sentence.
(Unit 20, Idiomatic uses of 是)