Tactics New 3 Flashcards
Generally foams have been created for use on?
Hazardous materials fires
and
Class A combustibles
Foam is commonly used for two basic types of hazardous materials?
Hydrocarbons
Polar solvents
Foams are broken down into what classes?
Class A
&
Class B
Petroleum based products such as
gasoline
benzene
toluene
Hydrocarbons
Alcohol based products such as
ethanols
Ketones
Lacquer thinners
Polar solvents
What % of foam is water?
90% or more
Most manufacturers of foam require that they be proportion at
___% for polar solvents
___% for hydrocarbons.
6 % for polar solvents
3 % for hydrocarbons
Class A foam is designed purely for ____
Class A combustibles
Ordinary Purpose Extinguisher
Class B,C
Multi purpose Extinguisher
Class A, B, C
In general, dry chemicals extinguish Class B & C fires by______
Interrupting the chemical chain reaction.
On class A fires, they coat the material burning and extinguish the fire through smoldering.
_____ are special purpose extinguishing agents used for specific applications such as combustible metals or class D fires.
Dry Powders
_____ fire suppression systems are designed for protecting kitchen hoods, plenums, exhaust ducts, grease filters and cooking appliances from grease fires.
Wet Chemical fire suppression systems
Wet chemical class K
Co2 extinguishers are used primarily on _______
Class B
&
Class C
What are the 2 types of Halon?
Halon 1211 liquid
Halon 1301
gaseous, used for protecting sensitive electronic equipment.
A foam system in which compressed air is injected into the foam solution prior to entering any hose lines.
Compressed air foam system
The tactic of introducing foam at the bottom of a bulk storage tank______
subsurface injection
What are the 4 main types of sprinkler system?
Wet Pipe
Dry Pipe
Deluge
Preaction
According to statistics from the NFPA about ___% of fires in sprinklered buildings are either extinguished by the sprinklers or held in check.
96%
What are the three common types of main water control valves?
OS&Y
(most common)
Post indicator
(open, shut)
wall post indicator
An indication that a fire pump is present is a ____, which looks like a wall hydrant with multiple 2 1/2 inch outlets used for testing the pump.
Test Header
Generally on sprinkler systems with a single riser, the FDC is connected to the _____ side of the system.
Sprinkler side
Multiple Risers = supply side
What is used to speed up the flow of water to the sprinkler heads in a Dry pipe system?
accelerators
or
exhausters
____ is basically set up like a dry pipe system but incorporates addition alarm equipment.
Used in locations where water damage must be prevented.
Pre action
Standpipe systems are divided into 3 classes each depending on the intended use of the system________
Class I FD
Class II Occupants
Class III FD or Occupants
A class I standpipe system must have a water supply adequate to flow ____GPM for at least ____ MIN
500 gpm for at least 30 min
supply must provide a minimum residual pressure of 65 psi at the highest farthest outlet while flowing the required 500 gpm.
In Class I systems that require more than one standpipe, the system is still required to flow 500 gpm for the first & each additional standpipe must flow a min of ___gpm for 30 min.
250 gpm for at least 30 minutes
Class II standpipe systems must have a water supply adequate to flow ___ gpm for at least 30 min with a minimum residual of ______
100 gpm for at least 30 minutes
with a residual of 65 psi
The class III system must be capable of flowing_______
The same requirements as a class I standpipe.
500 gpm for 30 minutes
A ____ system works by diluting the air in the room to displace Oxygen.
A carbon dioxide system
_____ work by interfering with and interrupting the chemical chain reaction of fire.
Halogenated extinguishing agents
Main hazard is the potential for toxicity from the halogenated agent.
FE-36 or Centrimax ABC 40 are new extinguishing agents called?
Clean agents
Specialized extinguishing systems include______
Carbon Dioxide
Halogenated agents
Dry chemical
Wet chemical
Minimum requirement for a class A pumper ( NFPA 1901)
Min water tank____
Min Pump size ____
Min water tank 300 gallons
Min Pump size 750 GPM
Hose compartment
30 cubic ft for 2 1/2 or larger supply Hose.
2 compartments of at least 3.5 cubic ft for 1 1/2 attack hose.
Engine Companies have what 3 options when laying hose lines to move water from a source to the fire?
Forward
Reverse
Split (also called drive way lay)
_____ are essentially hard suction tubes that are piped into a nearby static water source.
Dry Hydrant
Water tenders may carry water in amounts from ___ to ___ gallons.
1000
to
8000 gallons
A 1 3/4 inch hose line with a solid bore nozzle is capable of flowing approximately ____ gpm @ 50 psi where as a 2 1/2 inch at a similar pressure flows ___ gpm.
180 gpm
320 gpm
Class B foams include
Protein foams
FFFP
Gold foam
AFFF
Class A foams work by______
breaking down the surface tension of water, thus allowing it to soak in.
The search for concealed fire areas and eventual total extinguishment_________
Overhaul
Getting the hoseline into operation is typically the responsibility of the ________
engine company officer and firefighters
Proper operation of the hose line is ______responsibility
Officer’s
In the decay stage ____ must precede entry into any fire compartment.
Ventilation
When cutting the roof, the hole should be cut in a way that makes it easy to pull and should be at least_____
4ft x 4ft
There is no justifiable reason to cut a roof supported by ______
light weight trusses
According to NFPA 14 standpipe systems are limited to a maximum height of ________
275ft.
When a structure is higher than 275ft an additional zone must be installed, however no two zones are allowed to exceed a height of 550ft.
Horizontal ventilation is usually performed when?
after the engine company’s hose line is stretched, charged and ready to begin the attack.
The most common construction style is __________
wood frame and masonary
When fire spreads from floor to floor as a result of the fire coming out a window and into the window above______
Auto extension
also called auto exposure
The ____ is the area that can be reached with an arerial ladder once the apparatus is set up.
Scrub area
Overhaul can be broke down into what two stages?
Pre control
-pulling ceilings, baseboards
Post control
- more favorable conditions - after fire is under control
At a min ____ladder must be extended to each floor on which firefighters are operating.
1 ladder
Generally a fog stream can be used to assist with smoke removal. To accomplish this, the nozzle team stands ___ to ___ feet from the window.
6 to 8 foot
A quick way to force an inward winging door is to place a halligan tool _____ inches above or below the lock with the bevel side of the fork against the door slightly angled up or down.
6 inches
When attacking a door by forcing the hingses, always attack the ____hinge first.
Top
Outward opening doors are usually indicative of doors to ____,____,______
Commercial occupanices
Elevators
Closets
A _____ is the movement of heat & Smoke from the higher air pressure w/n a fire building to all other lower air pressure areas.
Flow Path
The most common structure fire response in the US involves the _________
one and two family dwelling.
According to the NFPA report fire loss in the US 2010 US Fire department responded to an estimated _____ fires.
1,331,500
3120 Fire fatalities
There was a civilian fire death every ____ minutes in 2010.
169 minutes
There was a civilian fire injury every ___ min in 2010.
30
Residential home fires accounted for ____% of the total structure fires.
80%
Residential home fires accounted for more than ___% of the civilian fire deaths.
85%
Somewhere in the nation, a FD responds to a residential fire every ____seconds.
65 seconds
According to the US fire administration 50% of civilian fire fatalities in residential buildings occur between the hours of ___________
10pm and 6 am
______was the leading cause of fatal residential building fires.
smoking
According to the 2010 USFA firefighter fatality report ____% of fire ground firefighter fatalities occurred in residential structures.
10%
_____times as many people die in mobile home fires, proportionately, than in single & two family homes.
3 times
The NFPA report firefighter fatalities in the US 2010 documented ____firefighter fatalities WHILE OPERATING ON THE FIREGROUND.
21
6 were in one & two family structures as “routine fires”
Fore every 1000 fires that break out ____victims will die in mobile homes, whereas fewer than ____ will die in single family homes.
21 die in mobile homes
7 will die in single family
The leading specific location where civilian fire fatalities occur in residential buildings is_______
the bedroom (55%)
For the purpose of this text a high rise building is any building in which the highest floor is _________
beyond the reach of available ladders.
The first high rise fires actually occurred______
well over 100 years ago.
Most building codes and NFPA 101 utilize a minimum occupancy load of _____ to be categorized as a place of Assembly occupation.
50
Using ____ is key to extinguishing fire in places of assembly especially in large buildings that are longer and wider than the amount of handline available.
Built in fire protection systems
A significant firefighter safety issue at assemble occupancy fires is
personnel accountability
The most important factor to consider in
“places of assembly” is
life safety
Wooden bowstring truss roofs are found in older large commercial buildings.
_________ are used in newer large commercial buildings.
concrete roofs reinforced with steel cables
Evacuation for incidents in commercial structures should begin _______________
in the areas of the structure most threatened by the fire and smoke.
These stairs are located in each wing of a building. You cannot go from one wing to another unless you are in the lobby.
Wing stairs.
Commercial occupancies can generally be categorized as either ____, _____ or _______
Mercantile (retail)
Industrial
Business (professional)
When arriving on scene at a commercial building fire, _____should be a main concern for the 1st company officer to arrive on scene due to the size of the building.
Placement of apparatus
VENTILATION:
The opening used for the exit point should be at least ____the size of the opening used to pressurize the structure.
1 1/2 times
Units taking elevators to get to the fire floor should stop at least ____floors below the reported fire floor and take the stairs.
2 floors
These stairs serve a certain part of the building, they are a single set of stairs_______
Isolated stairs
Newer apartment buildings, built later in the 1900s tend to be _______
Taller, wider and deeper
Biggest difference is the use of unprotected steel I-beams.
Older apartment buildings, constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries, have the following unique features
Exterior is typically constructed with Brick
Interior is usually constructed with wood
Typically have 2 to 4 apartments per floor
Row frame multiple family dwellings can have as many as ____buildings in one row and as tall as ____stories.
20 in one row
5 stories tall
Exposure protection in fire resistive multiple family dwellings should focus on ________
adjoining apartments on the same floor.
In fire-resistive multiple family dwellings, fire departments will use at least _____ hose line to advance down a hallway where an apartment door has been left open.
one 2 1/2 inch hose line
The biggest structural difference in newer apartment buildings is _______
The introduction of unprotected steel I beams
The trench cut should be started approximately ___ to ___ from the main vent hole.
20 to 30 feet
A primary clue to a basement fire_______
Smoke from bottom to top of the structure that is not lifted when the front door is opened and ventilation is started.
In an offensive attack, hose lines should be position to __________
confine the fire from the unburned side.
In a defensive operation a strategic goal is to place hose streams_______-
in a position to prevent fire spread beyond the structure of origin
The wood frame-constructed home typically falls within one of 3 framing methods.
post and frame
balloon frame
(2 x 4 studs, before 1940’s)
Platform frame
A double hung window can be used for ventilation, it should be opened ____ at the top and ____ at the bottom.
2/3 at the top
1/3 at the bottom
General priorities for a multiple floor search include:
Fire floor
Floor above the fire
top floor
rest of the building
Multiple family dwellings are occupancies that house _____ or more families..
3 or more
