Tactics New 1 Flashcards
Which regulations have an impact on fireground operations?
Title 29 CFR
_____ are promulgated at some level of government by a governmental agency and have the force of law.
Regulations
Almost half of firefighter injuries occur?
on the fire ground
Risk assessment of the emergency scene can be based on the following philosophy________
We will take great risk to save a lot
Take little risk to save a little
take no risk to save what is already lost.
In late model BMW SUV’s the side impact activator is______-
in the A-Post
In the IMS, the first management assignments by the Initial attack IC will normally be_______
one or more section chiefs
It is essential that any management system establish common terminology for what elements?
Organizational functions
Resource elements
facilities
The ____, a standards making group has no enforcement authority and its standards are considered advisory.
NFPA
The entire collections of federal regulations is contained within the 50 titles of the
CFR
Code of federal Regulations
OSHA’s title 29
1910.156
Fire Brigades
Applies to
fire brigades
Industrial FD
Private FD
contractual FD
Who printed a FF Death autopsy protocol for the ME?
NFA
Who investigates every FF death in the US?
NIOSH
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
29 CFR
OSHA 1910.134
Respiratory Protection
2 in & 2 out
Buddy system
OSHA Title 29
1910.120
Hazardous Waste Operations
and
Emergency Response
Published documents that do not mandate compliance_______
Consensus standards
eg.
NFPA
_____sometimes called consensus standards do not have the weight of law unless they are adopted as law by an authority having jurisdiction.
standards
The _____ was the most efficient way to move water to the scene in the early history of firefighting.
bucket brigade
Large extensive fires known as
conflagrations
To burn rapidly, which in reality can be considered a low explosive, occurs more slowly than detonation.
Deflagrate
adds to the fire load/intensity
The components of the Post incident analysis should focus on?
Personnel
Equipment
Resources
Operational effectiveness
Strategies are designed to meet the incident priorities of
Life safety
property conservation
incident stabilization
what has had a major impact on the fire service?
Safety
standards
research
education
technology
The method used to meet the tactic is called?
tactical method
____ cars have fixed sides and ends. The floor is sloped to one or more hinged doors. Used to transport dry bulk material such as fertilizers.
Hopper Cars
____ cars have flat bottoms and walls and they may or may not be covered, may be constructed with wood but are most often constructed with steel.
Gondola Cars
Intermodal cars are basically ____ with intermodal containers placed on them.
allow cargo to be transferred rapidly between different modes of transportation.
Flat cars
The Biggest Hazard locomotives present is?
The electricity generated buy the diesel engine.
Workhorse of the train
carry large amounts of fuel and lub oil.
can run on overhead wires that can carry 25,000 and 50,000 volts.
what is present if a locomotive is powered by Electricity?
Overhead wires
or
a third rail
The capacity of tank cars can range from just a few hundred gallons to more than _____ gallons of product.
30,000
Fixed Wing aircraft all present several common hazards to include______
large amount of fuel
Hydraulic fluid
02 equipment
Aircraft engines can be one of 3 different types____
Reciprocating
Jet propulsion
Turbo Prop
One resource that can help firefighters is the ship’s prefire plan called the _____
Fire control plan
Rotary wing aircraft may carry anywhere from ___ to ____ people.
1 to 50 people.
Fuel quantities carried on helicopters can range from ___ to ___ gallons
20 to 700 gal.
carried in the center of the fuseloge
The main rotor blades on large helicopters can span as much as ____ ft in diameter.
60 feet
Main rotor blades may dip as low as 4 ft from the ground during start up and shut down.
Color coding for aircraft tubing Fuel RED Lub Yellow Hydraulic Blue and yellow Gas Orange air Green Fire protection Brown
Color coding for aircraft tubing Fuel RED Lub Yellow Hydraulic Blue and yellow Gas Orange air Green Fire protection Brown
A very important concern with electoral transformers fires is that____
underground vault explosions can catapult manhole covers more than 100 ft in the air.
The reciprocating engine uses what type of fuel?
AVGAS
high octane aviation gas
Jet engines and turboprop engines use ____ fuel.
Jet A
Military aircraft with jet engines use a blend of _______
kerosene and gasoline.
The aircraft, at least larger aircraft have a hydraulic system for controls. The hydraulic lines may carry pressure of up to _____ pds.
5000 pds psi
Aircraft tubing may be identified by
words
symbols
color markings
Electrical substation fires occur for numerous reasons. Thee power must be shut off before FF can operate. Once the power is shut down, these fires are usually class_____
B
Which OSHA standard mandates breathing apparatus be worn in any IDSH?
1910.134
Reasons for tactical and strategic changes include?
Equipment advances
Education
Codes and standards change
FF and civilian deaths
Building material and contents
Regardless of the resources available, ____ on the fire ground do not change.
strategic goals and objectives
The purpose of the PIA (post incident analysis) is to
focus on reinforcing the most appropriate and effective strategies while discouraging inappropriate or impulsive strategies.
What are the 2 steps of the post incident analysis?
informal company level discussion after an incident.
Formal PIA (scheduled)
What are the 4 types of CISM?
Peer Defusing (informal between Peers)
On site defusing
sent to rehab, Evaluated by a CISM
Defusing after Demobilization
(empy fire house 30-60 min
Formal Debriefing
lead by a CISM team
Incident Termination includes at least what 3 stages?
Demobilization
returning to Quarters
Post incident analysis
A devise designed to speed the operation of a dry pipe valve?
Accelerator
What are the 5 recognized levels of hazmat training?
First responder awareness
First responder operational
Hazmat tech
Hazmat specialist
On scene Incident commander
As a general rule, FF should not aggressively fight interior structure fires for more than the time it takes to __________
expend two 30 min SACBA cylinders w/o rehab
Firefighter deaths have an impact on decisions made at the fire scene. however, approx. ____ firefighters still lose their lives each year.
100
The NFPA and USFA estimate that on average ____ FF die in the line of duty each year.
105
The US currently depends on approx. ____ firefighters to protect its citizens.
1.2 Million
210,000 career/paid
1 million volunteers
The foundation established the objective of reducing the fatality rate by ____ within 5 years and ____ by 2014
25% within 5 years
50% by 2014
How many Firefighter Life safety Initiatives are there?
16
In 1997 ____ began to investigate FF deaths.
NIOSH
Although the mission of the fire service has not changed, major improvement in ____ and ____ have led to modifications in the strategies and tactics of firefighting
Technology and standards
The Philadelphia Fire dept tested 750 member the average time of work from a 30 min SACBA was
12 minutes 50 seconds
Most unfortunately of the 100 ff deaths per year about _____ of these are due to stress.
half
Cocoanut Grove Fire
Boston Massachusetts
1942
492 people died
flammable decorations
few exits
overcrowding
To avoid liability he or she must perform to the same level that another reasonable person with the same training and equipment would provide.
Standard of Care
According to the Phoenix Rapid Intervention Study the average total rescue time was_______-
21 minutes
12 FF to rescue 1 FF
1 in 5 will get into trouble.
The relationship between FF safety and strategy and tactics can be traced to ______
Incident Priorities
The ____ would meet the requirements of the OSHA 2 in 2 out rule.
RIC
Rapid Intervention crew
Some of these mandatory requirements have an impact on fire ground operations, primarily those regulations found in _______
Title 29 CFR
which is the OSHA regulationis
The NFA is funded by the federal government and is part of the USFA which is a component of______
FEMA
Who is under the department of homeland security
What is the management structure all agencies house be utilizing?
NIMS
replaced NIIMS 2004
Each year thousands of FF are injured or killed. Just less than half of FF injuries occur____ and about 1/3 of deaths occur on the fire ground.
on the fireground
Typically, a span of control involves supervising anywhere from ___ to ______people.
3 to 7
5 being the rule of thumb
Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System
NFPA 1561
The purpose of _____ is to provide structure, coordination and the integration of risk management, which in turn increases the level of a ff safety and health.
Any command system
A ____ is established and named by geographic areas.
Division
Ben Franklin organized the First fire company in _______
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
in
1736
The NIMS integration Center was established by the ____ to provide strategic direction for and oversight of NIMS
Secretary of Homeland Security
____ is the IMS designation for the organizational level that has primary responsibility for one of the general staff positions or one of the command staff functions.
Section
_____ is the position responsible for the management of all tactical objectives and activities.
Operations
____ section is responsible for many areas, beginning with the development of action plans
Planning
What branches are under logistics?
Supply Food
Ground Communication
Facilities Medical
What is under Planning?
Resource Situation Demobilization Documentation Technical Specialist
What is under finance/admin branch?
Compensation
Cost
Procurement
time
Railcars can be classified by ______ basic types
8
what are the 8 basic types of railcars?
Locomotives
Boxcars
Flatcars
Intermodal
Gondola
Hopper
Passenger
tank
Reevas
Rescue
evacuation
emergency care
vent
attack
salvage
____ are established and named by a specific function that they are to accomplish.
group
A ____ is established when the manageable span of control of the number of divisions and or groups is exceeded.
Branch
In 1980 federal officials transition the Incident command system into a nation program called the _____
NIIMS
An IMS designation used to establish and maintain a manageable span of control over a number of divisions, and groups.
Branch
An IMS designation responsible for NIIMS operations in an assigned geographic area
Division
6 step communications model develop by the NFA?
Formulate an idea
sender sends the message
message is transferred through a medium
receiver receives the message
receiver interprets
receiver confirms message by providing feedback.
____ can be defined as a step toward solving a problem in which information is gathered.
size up
All the information needed for size up can fit neatly into 3 areas
Environment
Resources
Conditions
The size up triangle
Environment
resources
conditions
A red placard with and “R” indicates a
Light weight truss roof
The size up should answer what 4 questions?
What is on fire?
Where is the fire now?
Where is it going?
What harm has it caused or will it cause.
Incident Priority’s are listed in order of ____
importance not necessarily in order of accomplishment.
_____ are broad, general statements of what we are expected to accomplish.
Strategic goals
This process was developed out of research that considered how fire ground commanders, military commanders, and other high pressure time sensitive decision makers make decisions.
Recognition Primed Decision making.
The option or method selected is based on whether it has worked effectively in previous similar situations.
Recognition Primed Decision making.
IC’s and fire fighters must have a mix of experience and education to operate effectively.
Recognition Primed Decision making.
The RPD process is being replaced in the fire service curricula by what the NFA teaches in its Command and Control curriculum as_________
Naturalistic decision making
_______embodies a descriptive decision theory framework based upon the person’s knowledge and experience, the incident’s level of complexity, and the environment.
Naturalistic Decision Making
_________ came about after reviewing decision making as it relates to people in real life from military commanders to fire-ground commanders.
Naturalistic Decision making
In _____, the IC relies on his or her ability to recognize signs such as smoke movement and color, type of structure, and visible location of the fire to begin the decision making process.
Naturalistic Decision making
The emphasis here is that people must be trained in the same manner as they will be required to function in the field. Realistic training exercised are essential.
Naturalistic Decision making.
