Tactics New 2 Flashcards
The NFA course Hazardous Materials operating site practices List ____ strategic goals for Hazmat.
8
What are the 8 strategic goals for hazmat?
Spilt FNI
Spill control
Protection
Isolation
Leak control
Termination
Fire Control
Notification
Identification
Emergency medial service system responders are trained in 6 strategic goals for medial Incidents?
Spettg
Stabilization
packaging
Extrication
Triage
Transport
Gaining Access
According to the tactics book there are 9 goals that must be considered at every fire?
Safety
Search
Evac
exposure
confinement
Extinguishment
Ventilation
overhaul
Salvage
Strategic goals are designed to meet the _____
Incident priorities
Tactical objectives are more specific functions designed to meet
strategic goals
In developing the action plan, the IC must consider not only the goals and objectives required but also ________
Department SOG’s
A model that implies that a fireground commander in 9 out of 10 cases does not make a decision based on selection of choices, but rather on experience.
RPD
Recognition primed decision making
The ____ theory is concerned with identifying the best alternative to take and assumes the decision maker is fully informed, rational and able to compute the info at hand.
NDM
Naturalistic decision making
This decision making process is concerned with how real or ideal decision makers make their decisions_____
Naturalistic Decision Making
This model is used when IC’s are confronted with a situation they have not experienced in the past________
Classical Decision Making
What decision making process is based on a 4 step process?
Classical Decision making
Classical Decision making is based on a 4 step process, what are the 4 steps?
Aim
Factors
Courses
Plan
Aim-
Factors-
Courses -
Plan -
Aim- what the IC wants to accomplish
Factors- What affects the decision making
Courses- options to accomplish the aim
Plan- the action plan
The only factors that never change in regard to incident command decision making are_______
Incident Priorities
Life safety Incident stabilization Property Conservation
The meaning of words in a communications process is based on__________
prior understanding
and
Knowledge
Size up is an ongoing information analysis that begins ____ and is specific to a particular incident.
before the incident occurs
The _____ in which the incident takes place includes the construction features of the fire building or terrain in wildlife, also includes, time, weather, fuel load, height, area, occupancy
environment
Consider the conditions and the situation at an incident using what 4 Questions?
What is on fire?
Where is the fire now?
Where is it going?
What harm has it caused or will it cause?
What functions should be the driving force for all incidents and the first items considered by the IC?
Life safety
Incident stabilization
property conservation
A framework that studies how people actually make decisions and perform cognitively complex functions in demanding situations
NDM
Naturalistic decision making
A model of how people make quick, effective decisions when faced with complex situations
Recognition primed decision making
Building construction classes
I Fire resistive
II Non combustible
III Ordinary
IV Heavy Timber
V Frame (wood)
What is the main point to remember in the performance of wood as a structural member?
surface to mass ration
Mass is the key factor in fire performance of wood
What is the second most important point to remember in wood frame construction?
The connection method used to hold the structural members together
Type of frame construction common throughout the 1800’s through the End of WW II?
Balloon Frame
with the invention of cheap machine made nails
The balloon frame structure can often be identified by looking at
Doors and windows
Usually all stacked vertically
The _____ sometimes referred to as western framing, is the most common type of new frame construction in use today.
Platform frame
**sometimes identified by offset windows and doors.
Began after the mid 20th century
The ____ is a framing system using posts (vertical members) and beams (horizontal) to create a load bearing frame
Post and Beam
What is a typical post and beam construction ?
Barn
What is the minimal dimensions for a roof plank in a post and beam construction?
2 inches
Beams are set at ___ to ___ ft apart in a post and beam.
6 to 8ft apart
What are the minimum dimensions for the post and beams in a post and beam type construction.
4 x 4
A framing method that resembles the Post and beam but uses much larger beams_____
plank and beam
Large residential, commercial, churches
Floor typically thick tongue and groove
Truss construction can be used for buildings up to ____ stories
3 stories
The bowstring truss can span areas of ____ to ____ ft and can be spaced 20ft on center.
50 to 100ft
identified by the exterior bowstring roof structure.
Gusset plates are also called
gang nailers
staple plates
metal tooth plate connectors
Gusset plates penetrate ___ to ___ inches.
.25 to .375 inches
Heavy timber referred to by some as
mill construction
Heavy timber have large wooden columns that are greater than
8 x 8
Heavy timber construction can be up to ____ stories tall
8 stories tall
How thick are the floors in heavy timber?
3 inches thick
Large sections of wood more than ____ inches thick can have more fire resistance than exposed steel.
6 inches
A letter S, a channel, a circle or other decorative device on the exterior of a building.
A spreader
In unprotected steel trusses, the steel can begin to lose strength at ____F and fail around ____F
lose strength at 800 F
Fail @ 1000 F
Types of wood frame building include______
Balloon frame
Platform Frame
Post and Beam
Plank and beam
Truss frame
_____ construction is composed of masonry load bearing walls with wood joisted floor and a wood roof.
Ordinary construction
How thick are the typical walls in ordinary construction?
6 to 30 inches
1 to 3 stories tall
A rod or cable that runs parallel to the joist and ties the walls together to increase stability.
Spreader Type I
Type I Spreader runs parallel
Type II spreader runs perpendicular (floor to floor)
Thy typical rule of thumb for the expansion of steel is
1 inch for every 10ft
@
Approx 800 F
The top and bottom members of the truss are call _____
the chords
Inside members of a truss are called the
Web
The trusses are tied together with connecting members call ____, and the connections are
ties
panel points
The most common truss for roof construction is the
Peaked roof truss
116 to 24 inches on center
Prior to 1990 trusses were attached to the top plate of a wall simply by toe nailing them. Today they use
Hurricane clips
The parallel chord truss is used for_____
Both roofs and floors
What is a problem with parallel chord truss?
void spaces created by its use.
As class A fires burn they produce ___ ____ and _____
Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (Co2) and water
The most abundant gas produced at any fire is _____
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Monoxide poisoning is the cause of death in more than ____% of all fire fatalities.
50 %
A metal plate, sometimes referred to as a gusset plate, that has teeth that enter the wood member to hold them together.
Panel Point
The fire triangle consist of _________
Fuel
Oxygen
Heat
Who developed the concept of the fire tetrahedron?
Walter Haelssler
Fire tetrahedron consist of?
Fuel
Oxygen
heat
chemical chain reaction
What are the 5 classes of fires?
Class A ordinary combustibles
Class B flammable petroleum products
Class C Electrically energized equipment
Class D Combustible Metals
Class K Combustible cooking fuels
Class K extinguishers are designed to extinguish cooking fats and oils through_____
Saponification
** converts the burning substance to a noncombustible soap
Endo thermic reaction
A method of heat transfer by which the air currents are the means of travel
Convection
A method of heat transfer through light waves, much like the sun warms the earth
Radiation
Moves equally in all directions
can move through glass and water
A method of heat transfer though a medium , such as a piece of metal____
Conduction
_____ a very potent irritant is released from burning polyethylene
Acrolein
Hydrogen chloride, a deadly gas released from ____ is irritating to the eyes and upper respiratory tract.
PVC
polyvinyl chloride
A fire’s progress depends on
Fuel load
Combustibility
Intensity of the heat produced
What are the 4 stages of fire?
Incipient
Free burning
flash over
Smoldering decay
Fire can spread by what four principle ways?
Convection
radiation
Conduction
Direct flame impingement
Five feet into the room where flashover has occurred is commonly known as_______
the point of no return
______ is indicative of hydrocarbon based fires, such as plastics and foam.
Dark black
____ smoke indicates an oxygen starved fire.
Dirty Brown
Lighter smoke indicates a class ___ fire.
Class A
Each preincident plan begins with a _____
thorough tour of the building.
What are the steps of a building survey?
Tour the building
rough sketch
incorporate photos
complete drawing
lance plans on apparatus
sharing and training
touring regularly
updating plans
Preincident planning
The actual tour should begin?
In the parking lot
Assembly Halls
Theaters
restaurants
stadiums
libraries
Chapels
Assembly Occupancies
Barber shops
banks
dry cleaning
florist
print shops
office buildings
Business occupancies
Retail Stores
Shopping centers
wholesale shopping
markets
Mercantile
A church is commonly considered an _____ occupancy.
assembly occupancy
A retail fireworks business is commonly considered?
A hazard occupancy
Generally Nursing homes are ______ occupancies.
Institutional
Water extinguishes fire through what 3 basic methods?
Cools
Smothers
separates
What are the 3 nationally accepted formulas for figuring flow requirements?
(NFA) National Fire Academy
Iowa State university formula
Insurance Services Office (ISO, New York city)
What 2 fire flow formulas are simple and can be done quickly on the fire ground?
NFA
Iowa State
The ____ formula was not designed to be used on the fire scene and would be difficult to do quickly.
Insurance Services formula
The NFA formula is
L X W divided by 3 x % of involvement
The Iowa state formula is
NFF= V divided by 100
V= L x W x H
At 212 F water expands ____ times its original volume.
1700
Both the NFA formula and the Iowa state formula assume?
The entire space is engulfed
Probably the most widely used nozzle in the fire service today is the ______
Fog Nozzle
Examples of broke stream nozzles include?
Piercing Nozzle
Cellar Nozzle
What 3 simple steps can be used to figure the pump discharge pressure needed?
Constants
elevation
friction loss
Calculate the constants
calculate the addition pressure need due to elevation
Calculate the friction loss in the hose
The Friction loss formula
FL = Q(Q + Q +1)
is applicable only to?
2 1/2 inch hose flowing greater than 100 GPM
