Swine Diarrhea Part I

Question 1

are gilt or sow litters more impacted by E. coli?

Answer 1

gilt litters

Question 2

why is a warm, dry, draft free environment good?

Answer 2

increase piglet gut motility
encourage mobility, suckling and thus bathing of intestines with IgA
conserve piglets’ energy, reducing risk of hypoglycemia

Question 3

are gilt or sow litters more impacted by rotavirus?

Answer 3

gilt litters
sow litters also affected

Question 4

what ages are affected by rotavirus?

Answer 4

starts 1-7 days of age
no clinical signs in adults

Question 5

who does coronavirus affect?

Answer 5

both sow and gilt litters
sows also affected

Question 6

what is the mortality rate of coronavirus in the affected litter?

Answer 6

up to 100%

Question 7

what does coronavirus do to the villi?

Answer 7

severe villous atrophy

Question 8

who is affected by Clostridium perfringens type C?

Answer 8

both sow and gilt litters
no clinical signs adults

Question 9

what is Clostridium perfringens type C?

Answer 9

very stable spore forming anaerobic bacterium

Question 10

who does Coccidiosis affect?

Answer 10

both sow and gilt litters
not adults
no signs until 5 days of age

Question 11

why does iron deficiency anemia occur?

Answer 11

milk is low in iron
most pigs need about 200 mg/day by day 3 of life

Question 12

does E. coli make sows or gilts sick?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

what does E. coli cause in litters?

Answer 13

high morbidity and mortality
within 24 hours of birth: signs
severe diarrhea

Question 14

what can be used to treat E. coli?

Answer 14

spectinomycin
gentamycin
ceftiofur
enrofloxacin

Question 15

are sows or gilts affected by rotavirus?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

what are the clinical signs of rotavirus?

Answer 16

high morbidity, low mortality
creamy scour, pigs lose weight
some vomit
diarrhea

Question 17

what is the primary cause of diarrhea in suckling pigs?

Answer 17

rotavirus

Question 18

what does rotavirus do to the intestines?

Answer 18

infects/destroys mature enterocytes

Question 19

how can you treat rotavirus?

Answer 19

warm, dry, draft free environment
dessicants in farrowing crates
full litter swaps
stop cross fostering, stepping in crates

Question 20

are sows or gilts affected by coronavirus?

Answer 20

yes: off feed, lethargic, fever, diarrhea

Question 21

what does coronavirus look like?

Answer 21

high morbidity and mortality in litter
vomiting, +/- blood
diarrhea

Question 22

how can you treat coronavirus?

Answer 22

electrolytes to older piglets
humane euthanasia to pigs <2 weeks of age
antibiotics for secondary E. coli in older pigs

Question 23

how can you generate immunity to the whole herd for coronavirus?

Answer 23

grind up chilled intestines from affected piglets
spray onto noses

Question 24

does Clostridium perfringens make sows or gilts sick?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

what is Clostridium perfringens like?

Answer 25

high morbidity and high mortality
diarrhea with blood

Question 26

what is Clostridium perfringens type C?

Answer 26

very stable spore forming anaerobic bacterium
spores can live in environment for years

Question 27

does coccidiosis affect sows and gilts?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

what is coccidiosis like?

Answer 28

high morbidity, low mortality
starts at 5 days of age
diarrhea
do not grow well

Question 29

what does coccidiosis do to the intestines?

Answer 29

sporozoites invade intestinal cells and cause epithelial cell damage to jejunum and ileum