Bovine Urogenital Flashcards
why is getting a sterile urine sample of a cow difficult?
suburethral diverticulum
what is the cutoff for clinical ketosis?
> 3 mmol/L
what should you think about for myoglobinuria?
exertional myopathies in downer cows
white muscle disease
what can you feel on rectal palpation in a cow with pyelonephritis?
left kidney enlarged
loss normal lobations, mushy feel, pronounced pulsation, enlarged ureters on ultrasound
what is the vaccine program for leptospirosis?
killed bacterin during outbreak
at 6 month intervals
what can cause sacral nerve injuries?
crushing injuries to sacrum/tail head from being mounted
dystocias
cystitis
how can you prevent urolithiasis?
free choice water
adding NaCl to ration to encourage water consumption
what is the gold standard if a patent urachus is not closed by 24 hours after birth?
surgical resection
remove urachus and small part of apex of bladder
what size hernias are uncomplicated?
small: less than 3 fingers wide
when is proteinuria normal?
calves <2 days old- from colostrum
what can cause mild/moderate proteinuria?
severe dehydration
decreased renal perfusion
post-renal causes
what is subclinical ketosis in terms of BHBA?
1.2-3 mmol/L
what can cause gross hematuria?
pyelonephritis
urinary calculi
urolithiasis
cystitis
what can cause hemoglobinuria?
water intoxication in calves
hypotonic fluid administration
onion/rye grass toxicity
bacillary hemoglobinuria
lepto
postpartum hemoglobinuria
what is isosthenuric urine in cows?
1.006-1.014
what are the three presentations of pyelonephritis?
acute
chronic
subclinical/latent
what is urine like with pyelonephritis?
hematuria
pyuria
proteinuria
bacteria
when is prognosis of pyelonephritis good?
acute only
how many serovars of Leptospirosis are there?
six
how can you treat cystitis?
culture and sensitivity ideally
PPG or ampicillin high doses, extended treatment times
what can cause cystitis in calves?
patent urachus
urachal abscess
ultrasound to find
what are signs of hemorrhagic cystitis associated with malignant catarrhal fever?
acute fever, extremely high
severe depression, stranguria, polyuria, death
oral erosions, lymphadenopathy, ocular lesions
do cattle commonly have bladder or urethral rupture with urolithiasis?
urethral rupture
