Diseases of the Oral Cavity of Cattle

Question 1

what causes lumpy jaw/actinomycosis?

Answer 1

normal flora
inoculation under thee mucosa following damage to skin from course feeds or tooth eruption

Question 2

how can you treat lumpy jaw/actinomycosis?

Answer 2

isoniazid
sodium iodide
organic iodide
systemic penicillin

Question 3

what causes actinobacillosis/wooden tongue?

Answer 3

Actinobacillus lignieresii

Question 4

what are the signs of wooden tongue?

Answer 4

acute fever
swollen, firm tongue
salivation
regional lymphadenopathy

Question 5

who is susceptible to malignant catarrhal fever?

Answer 5

cattle
bison
pigs
wild ruminants

Question 6

what does malignant catarrhal fever cause?

Answer 6

severe, diffuse, multi-systemic inflammation with vasculitis
multiple organs

Question 7

is bovine papular stomatitis zoonotic?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

where do esophageal obstructions occur?

Answer 8

cranial esophagus
thoracic inlet
base of heart

Question 9

how can you treat an esophageal obstruction?

Answer 9

relieve bloat
manual removal
external massage
flush
allow spontaneous passage
rumenotomy
surgical removal

Question 10

who does vesicular stomatitis affect?

Answer 10

cattle
horses
pigs
rarely sheep and goats

Question 11

what is the incubation of vesicular stomatitis?

Answer 11

9 days

Question 12

where is vesicular stomatitis endemic?

Answer 12

southwest of USA

Question 13

is vesicular stomatitis zoonotic?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

who is affected by bluetongue?

Answer 14

sheep most severely
cattle reservoir

Question 15

what are the reproductive consequences of bluetongue?

Answer 15

abortion
resorption
congenital defects

Question 16

who does foot and mouth disease affect?

Answer 16

cloven-hooved stock: cattle and swine > goats and sheep
horses do not show clinical signs

Question 17

who can serve as reservoirs of foot and mouth disease?

Answer 17

infected or vaccinated cattle: up to 3.5 years
people for 24 hours

Question 18

how can you diagnose lumpy jaw?

Answer 18

histology
culture: gram positive, multiple forms
sulfur granules

Question 19

what is Actinobacillus lignieresii?

Answer 19

gram negative pleomorphic rod
normal flora

Question 20

how can you diagnose wooden tongue?

Answer 20

histology
culture
sulfur granules

Question 21

how can you treat wooden tongue?

Answer 21

penicillin
tetracycline
sodium iodide
organic iodide

Question 22

what causes malignant catarrhal fever?

Answer 22

sheep associated herpesvirus

Question 23

what is morbidity and mortality of malignant catarrhal fever?

Answer 23

low morbidity
high mortality

Question 24

what are most exposed cattle with malignant catarrhal fever like?

Answer 24

asymptomatic infections

Question 25

what are the clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever?

Answer 25

fever high
depression
lymph node enlargement

Question 26

what are the forms of malignant catarrhal fever?

Answer 26

peracute
head and eye
acute
chronic
subclinical

Question 27

what is the head and eye form of malignant catarrhal fever?

Answer 27

oral erosions
ophthalmitis
skin lesions

Question 28

what form is most common of malignant catarrhal fever?

Answer 28

subclinical

Question 29

how can you treat malignant catarrhal fever?

Answer 29

supportive care
unrewarding

Question 30

what causes bovine papular stomatitis?

Answer 30

parapox virus
related to agent of orf and pseudocowpox

Question 31

who does bovine papular stomatitis affect?

Answer 31

calves

Question 32

what does bovine papular stomatitis cause?

Answer 32

raised, red papules
muzzles, nares, tongue, lips

Question 33

what should you differentiate bovine papular stomatitis from?

Answer 33

bovine viral diarrhea virus
raised lesion, not erosions

Question 34

how can you treat bovine papular stomatitis?

Answer 34

no treatment: will resolve spontaneously
clean better- calf feeders

Question 35

what can cause an esophageal obstruction?

Answer 35

whole fruits or vegetables
warbles and warts

Question 36

what are the vesicular diseases?

Answer 36

vesicular stomatitis
foot and mouth disease
bluetongue

Question 37

how is vesicular stomatitis spread?

Answer 37

multiple arthropod vectors suspected
spread by contact once in herd

Question 38

what causes vesicular stomatitis?

Answer 38

vesiculovirus

Question 39

what is morbidity and mortality like of vesicular stomatitis?

Answer 39

high morbidity
low mortality

Question 40

what causes bluetongue?

Answer 40

orbivirus transmitted by culicoides

Question 41

who is affected by bluetongue?

Answer 41

sheep severely
cattle reservoir

Question 42

when is bluetongue prominent?

Answer 42

late summer/fall

Question 43

what does blue tongue cause?

Answer 43

fever, congetion mucous membranes, secondary pneumonia
burnt muzzle
oral ulceration
coronitis, myositis
reproductive consequences
high morbidity, variable mortality in sheep

Question 44

what causes foot and mouth disease?

Answer 44

picornavirus
exotic disease

Question 45

how is foot and mouth disease spread?

Answer 45

travels up to 50 miles in air
usually spread through food waste from endemic area, birds, carrier livestock
infected/vaccinated cattle reservoir up to 3.5 years
people reservoir 24 hours

Question 46

what are the signs of foot and mouth disease?

Answer 46

vesicular disease oral cavity, feet, teats
fever, anorexia, vesicular lesions
abortions
sudden death in young

Question 47

what is morbidity and mortality of foot and mouth disease?

Answer 47

high morbidity
low mortality