Bovine GI: Abomasal and Caudal GI Diseases Flashcards
who are abomasal ulcers very common in?
high-producing dairy herds
first 4-6 weeks of lactation
what are the two classifications of abomasal ulcers?
bleeding
perforated with diffuse or local peritonitis
what is the most common neoplasia of the abomasum?
lymphosarcoma
where does lymphosarcoma have a predisposition for?
right atrium
abomasum
spinal cord
uterus
retrobulbar
what is the prognosis of abomasal impactions?
poor
what can cause a small intestine obstruction in cattle?
mesenteric torsion
intestinal incarceration
intussusception
foreign body- rare
neoplasia
duodenal sigmoid flexure volvulus
what might cattle with intussusceptions have a history of?
casting and rolling followed by an acute onset of clinical signs
what can cause intestinal incarceration?
inguinal hernias
umbilical hernias
internal hernias- mesenteric defects
diaphragmatic hernias
what happens in hemorrhagic bowel syndrome?
sudden, progressive and massive hemorrhage into jejunum
intraluminal blood clots, obstructive
what are the clinical signs with a cecal displacement and volvulus?
TPR usually normal
rumen motility decreased
right PLF ping
rectal exam: gas distended viscus at pelvic inlet
what can cause extraluminal rectal compression?
lymphosarcoma
perimetritis
abscesses
hematomas
when do calves with atresia coli present?
day 1 or 2 of life
what stimulates gastric acid secretion?
low calcium
histamine
high VFA ingesta
stress
what is the typical presentation of an abomasal ulcer?
hyperthermic or hypothermic
thin
melena
anemia
how can you treat an abomasal ulcer?
drench with water and mag lax powder, then alfalfa meal
mag ox pills
ampicillin
what might be the only signs of abomasal neoplasia?
melena
weight loss
poor doer
what can cause an abomasal impaction?
fibrous feed/pica
lack of water
neoplasia
focal peritonitis
vagal
how common are small intestinal obstructive diseases in cattle?
relatively uncommon
what is prognosis of a mesenteric torsion?
poor due to rapid deterioration and onset of shock
what is implicated in hemorrhagic bowel syndrome?
Clostridium perfringens type A
high energy rations
how can you treat hemorrhagic bowel syndrome?
difficult: cows die 1 hour to 2 days after first signs
fluid therapy, antibiotics
surgery moderately successful
what happens in a cecal displacement and volvulus?
cecum becomes atonic, accumulates gas and ingesta and may rotate clockwise or counterclockwise
extent of rotation determines degree of vascular involvement and severity of clinical signs
where does a cecal displacement and volvulus ping?
more caudal than RDA on right
what is the medical treatment for a cecal displacement and volvulus?
promote cecal motility: calcium, laxatives
what are some diseases of the descending colon and rectum?
extraluminal rectal compression
rectal lacerations
atresia ani/coli
does atresia coli have a normal rectum and anal sphincter?v
yes
