Diseases of the Bovine Foot Flashcards
cows should not be away from the barn for more than _____________ per day
3 hours
the __________ claws are most commonly affected in the rear and the __________ claws are most commonly affected in the front
lateral
medial
what bacteria infect in foot rot?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
co-infection
what is the agent of hairy heel warts/digital dermatitis?
Treponema spp
what is the agent of interdigital dermatitis/heel erosion?
Dichelobacter nodosus
what are the mechanical causes of laminitis in cows?
overgrowth
standing on concrete
what does white line disease look like?
abscessation, hemorrhage, or fissure in white line
acute, severe lameness without swelling
when does a sole ulcer appear?
6-8 weeks after problem
what is the normal growth rate of the hoof?
6 mm/month
what percentage of the lameness is in the foot?
99%
what percentage of lameness is in the rear foot?
92%
what can you use for pain management for lameness in cows?
aspirin: not effective
flunixin: less for orthopedic, withdrawal
meloxicam: best, extended withdrawal
what is required for foot rot to occur?
preevious injury to interdigital skin
what does foot rot present as?
acute lameness, mild to severe
fissures in interdigital skin
swelling
characteristic odor
how can you treat foot rot?
parenteral antibiotics
debridement
foot bath
clean environment
when is there increased risk of hairy heel warts/digital dermatitis?
chronic moisture
purchased additions
what do hairy heel warts/digital dermatitis present as?
circumscribed, sensitive, “pink terry cloth” lesions usually on plantar surface above heels
severe lameness
high morbidity
how can you treat hairy heel warts?
topical tetracycline under bandage
prevent: footbath, manage environment
what happens in interdigital dermatitis/heel erosion?
elastase secreted which digests hoof keratin
what are the signs of interdigital dermatitis/heel erosion?
inflammation of interdigital skin
mild swelling
fissures in heel bulbs
no lameness
may progress to heel erosion
may predispose to other causes of lameness
how can you treat interdigital dermatitis/heel erosion?
pare abnormal tissue
apply drying agent
prevent: regular trimming, environmental management
what periparturient hormones can cause laminitis?
gelatin protease enzymes
relaxin
what is phase I of laminitis?
interruption of blood flow to corium leads to hypoxia, damage to dermal/epidermal junction, and failure of suspensory apparatus
what is phase III of laminitis?
appearance of ulcers, white line abscesses, poor quality hoof horn and solar hemorrhages secondary to compression that occurs in phase II
what are the chronic manifestations of laminitis?
overgrowth
hemorrhages into white line or sole
double soles
horizontal ridges
white line disease
sole ulcers
how can you treat white line disease?
pare abscess
block opposite claw
why does a defect in keratogenesis occur in sole ulcers?
secondary to corium ischemia
what are the clinical signs of sole ulcers?
circumscribed loss of horny sole beneath P3 flexor tuberosity
exposed corium attempts to heal with protruding granulation tissue
may become infected
severe lameness
what is deep sepsis of the foot?
ascending infection secondary to abscess, foot rot, ulcer, or puncture wound
what are clinical signs of deep sepsis of the foot?
severe lameness
swelling above the claw (one claw, not two)
how can you treat deep sepsis of the foot?
claw amputation
ankylosis and joint fusion
cull
what is ankylosis?
joint drilled from site of lesion to point on dorsal aspect of hoof proximal to coronary band
