Neonatal Calf Management Flashcards

1
Q

when should you see spontaneous respiration after delivery?

A

within 30 seconds of delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when should a newborn calf stand after parturition?

A

1 hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what congenital defects should you check for in newborns?

A

hernias
cleft palate
atresia ani
supernumerary teats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how can you measure colostrum quality?

A

immunoassay
colostrometer
brix refractometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the goal for colostrum quality?

A

50 g/L IgG
total >150 g/calf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how much colostrum should be fed at first feeding?

A

3-4L
10% birth weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when should colostrum be fed?

A

within 1-2 hours of birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when should you feed fresh colostrum?

A

within an hour or refrigerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is measuring calf serum total solids used for?

A

as proxy for IgG
better for monitoring colostrum program than individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how much milk should calves get in the first three days?

A

2-3 quarts twice daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why should you avoid feeding excessive forage until weaning?

A

inability of rumen to process cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how can you stimulate respiration?

A

vigorous rubbing of muzzle/head
cold water therapy
positive pressure: ET tube
dopram
caffeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when should a newborn calf suckle?

A

2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what should the heart rate be of a newborn calf?

A

100-150 beats/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what should you do for a newborn?

A

dip navel in 7% iodine
check for congenital defects
dry and separate from dam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is assessed in colostrum?

A

quality
quantity
quickness
cleanliness

17
Q

what should be fed at the second feeding?

A

colostrum or second milking
2 quarts maximum

18
Q

how does the gut ability to absorb colostrum change over time?

A

50% ability decreased by 8 hours

19
Q

how long can you keep colostrum fermented?

20
Q

when should you sample calves for serum total solids?

A

1-7 days of age

21
Q

what is increased time with dam good for?

A

maternal bonding/oxytocin release
decreased labor input
public perception

22
Q

why is immediate separation from dam good?

A

minimized pathogen exposure
uniform colostrum administration
decreases calving facilities requirement

23
Q

when should calf starter grain be offered?

A

within first 3 days of birth

24
Q

why should you avoid feeding excessive forage until weaning?

A

inability of rumen to process cellulose

25
what are the cons of pasteurized waste milk?
up front cost/maintenance of pasteurizer variable supply of non-saleable milk pasteurization is not sterilization antibiotic residues?
26
what are the pros of pasteurized waste milk?
increased nutrition utilize non-saleable milk daily savings on calf feeding costs minimizes pathogen transmission
27
how are most milk replacers designated?
by protein-fat percentage
28
what milk replacers are best?
skim milk buttermilk casein milk albumin dried whey
29
what is added to milk replacer?
vitamins A, D, E coccidiostats antibiotics binders/botanicals
30
what should milk replacer total solids be?
12-13% on brix refractometer
31
what are the calf housing options?
hutches group pens greenhouse barn tie-stall/stanchion
32
what should heifer nutrition be from weaning to 5 months?
grain/concentrate should be majority of diet forage, introduce at 4-5 months
33
what should heifer nutrition be from 5 months to breeding?
forage based: silage, hay include grain, no high fat
34
what is the goal for breeding weight?
55% of adult body weight add lean mass
35
what are the core heifer vaccines?
IBR/BRSV/PI-3/BVD + leptospirosis clostridia- perfringens C and D, tetanus
36
which vaccines are risk dependent?
rabies shipping fever complex: pasteurella, manheimia, histophilus brucellosis
37
what are the dehorning options?
paste disbudding electric/gas dehorner surgical dehorning
38
when are heifers bred?
12-13 months 90% of adult height at shoulder- 48" holsteins