Small Ruminant Part II

Question 1

how much fetal growth occurs in the last 6-8 weeks of pregnancy?

Answer 1

70-80%

Question 2

what is primary ketosis?

Answer 2

undernutrition/starvation
dam cannot consume enough nutrients to support her pregnancy and herself

Question 3

what are early signs of pregnancy toxemia?

Answer 3

decreased aggressiveness at feeding
spending more time lying down

Question 4

what is the cutoff for ketones in small ruminants?

Answer 4

> 0.8 mmol/L

Question 5

how can you treat mild signs of pregnancy toxemia?

Answer 5

oral propylene glycol
increase nutrient density

Question 6

what do dams with pregnancy toxemia have increased risk of?

Answer 6

dystocia

Question 7

how can you prevent pregnancy toxemia with nutrition?

Answer 7

diagnose pregnancy early by ultrasound
feed grain during last 6 weeks of pregnancy
high quality nutrient dense hay
plenty of space at feeder

Question 8

when does hemolytic crisis occur with copper toxicity?

Answer 8

copper levels exceed 150 ppm

Question 9

how can you diagnose copper toxicity on necropsy?

Answer 9

icterus
“gunmetal kidneys”

Question 10

what does floppy kid syndrome/watery mouth disease look like?

Answer 10

sudden onset of profound weakness, anorexia, drooling
normal temperature

Question 11

what temperature in a neonatal small ruminant is mild/moderate hypothermia?

Answer 11

98-101F

Question 12

what is the most commonly isolated organism from sheep and goat milk?

Answer 12

coagulase-negative staph