Bovine Mastitis Flashcards
what are the structural protections of the udder to infection?
sphincter muscle
keratin plug
what is there specialized media for in milk culture plates?
mycoplasma
prototheca
what are the two categories of infectious mastitis?
contagious
environmental
what is the source of Streptococcus agalactiae?
obligate intramammary infection
what is the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus?
deep infection of glandular tissues
forms microabscesses
what is the source of environmental Streptococcus?
soiled bedding
water
skin
who does environmental Staphylococcus impact most?
more in heifers than cows
what is the source of yeast?
contaminated intramammary devices: tubes, cannulas, instruments
what is the pathogenesis of Truperella pyogenes?
establishes abscesses after introduction
what is the prognosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
fair
may self-cure
what is the pathogenesis of Prototheca?
establishes disseminated infection throughout udder
what is physiological edema caused by?
lack of movement
decreased available protein
immature vasculature
how is trauma/hemorrhage noted?
as blood in milk (BIM)
what should you do if you see pustules on a teat?
call state vet
how long should you do intramammary treatment for mastitis?
no more than 5 days
for which pathogens is culling the first choice?
Staphylococcus aureus
Prototheca
Mycoplasma
how effective are core antigen (LPS) vaccines?
reduce symptoms of gram negatives and reduce bulk tank somatic cell counts
what is the immune protection in the udder to mastitis?
white blood- somatic- cells
antibodies
non-specific soluble factors: lysozyme, lactoferrin, complement
what is the reaction in the california mastitis test?
anionic surface reagent reacts with DNA in somatic cells to form gel
what is the pathogenesis of Streptococcus agalactiae?
infects duct system of lower portion of quarter
what is the source of Staphylococcus aureus?
infected quarters
human skin
what is the source of Mycoplasma bovis?
infected quarters
respiratory/urogenital membranes
what is the pathogenesis of environmental Streptococcus?
invasion of teat, commonly due to teat end damage
what is the pathogenesis of environmental Staphylococcus?
invasion of teat, commonly in heifers vs cows
what are signs of Escherichia coli?
hot, swollen quarters with serous discharge
markedly abnormal milk
fever +/- systemic signs
what are signs of yeast?
thick, creamy discharge
usually local infection only
what are signs of Truperella pyogenes?
thick, malodorous discharge
abscesses that may spontaneously rupture
what is thee source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
contaminated water- wash, standing
what is the source of Prototheca?
contaminated water
may be shed in manure
what is the source of Klebsiella?
manure contamination
green wood products
soil
what are signs of environmental Streptococcus?
increased somatic cells
may progress to clinical mastitis
occasionally severe, systemic infections
what does physiologic edema look like?
pitting edema of entire udder
painful and may impede milking
what does suspensory breakdown predispose to?
mastitis
trauma
what can cause teat lesions?
cowpox- Orthopoxvirus
pseudocowpox- Parapox
herpes mammalitis- Bovine Herpesvirus type II
how can you treat for gram positive subclinical mastitis?
intramammary treatment
what are things we can vaccinate for?
core antigen vaccines: reduce symptoms of gram negatives
klebsiella/SRP vaccines
