Diarrheal Diseases of Adult Dairy Cattle

Question 1

when does winter dysentery occur?

Answer 1

october through mid april

Question 2

how can you prevent winter dysentery?

Answer 2

hygeine
cattle movement
add forage to diet
direct fed microbials

Question 3

what causes johne’s disease?

Answer 3

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis

Question 4

what is the incubation period of johne’s disease?

Answer 4

2-5 years

Question 5

what is the chance that a fetus in a johne’s positive cow gets johne’s disease?

Answer 5

25%

Question 6

what is stage I of johne’s disease?

Answer 6

infected but not shedding or showing clinical signs

Question 7

how can you prevent johne’s disease?

Answer 7

remove calves from dams at birth
don’t pool colostrum
prevent fecal-oral transmission
watch the flow of manure on farm

Question 8

what are the sources of salmonella for cattle?

Answer 8

wild birds
rodents
feed
carrier cattle

Question 9

how is salmonella transmitted?

Answer 9

fecal-oral

Question 10

what are the signs of Salmonella dublin in adults?

Answer 10

most asymptomatic
fever
decreased production
mastitis
abortion

Question 11

how are most cattle affected by bovine virus diarrhea?

Answer 11

subclinical

Question 12

what is seen in a calf that is infected en uteru with bovine virus diarrhea?

Answer 12

congenital defects
reproductive failure
persistent infection

Question 13

what are the reproductive consequences of bovine virus diarrhea?

Answer 13

infertility
early embryonic death
abortion

Question 14

when does an animal become infected with persistent infection of bovine virus diarrhea?

Answer 14

40-125 days of gestation with non-cytopathic virus

Question 15

what are the reproductive consequences of mineral deficiencies- copper?

Answer 15

decreased conception
abortion
anestrus

Question 16

which cattle are most affected by intestinal parasitism?

Answer 16

youngstock in pasture

Question 17

what are morbidity and mortality like of winter dysentery?

Answer 17

high morbidity
low mortality

Question 18

what diarrhea does winter dysentery cause?

Answer 18

explosive, semi-fluid, dark brown, malodorous diarrhea with bubbles

Question 19

how can you treat tenesmus in winter dysentery?

Answer 19

epidural

Question 20

what is the reaction in johne’s disease from?

Answer 20

granulomatous reaction in colonized tissues due to failed immune response

Question 21

what are the signs of johne’s disease?

Answer 21

weight loss
diarrhea
ventral edema
good appetite
chronic wasting <5%

Question 22

how do calves become infected with johne’s?

Answer 22

25% in utero
10% by colostrum
fecal-oral

Question 23

what are the costs of johne’s?

Answer 23

premature culling
susceptibility to other diseases
decreased production
decreased fertility
decreased feed efficiency
decreased meat value
increased mastitis
increased veterinary costs
loss of replacement animals

Question 24

what is stage II of johne’s disease?

Answer 24

infected, shedding, but no clinical signs

Question 25

what is the preferred test for johne’s?

Answer 25

cultures from environment and PCR
fecal PCR

Question 26

at what levels of johne’s should you just use management strategies?

Answer 26

0-5%

Question 27

what is the sensitivity of the fecal culture for subclinical and clinical johne’s?

Answer 27

40% subclinical
85% clinical

Question 28

how can you prevent johne’s?

Answer 28

test cows at dry off
cull high positives
do not breed moderate positives
negatives in clean calving pen and keep colostrum

Question 29

what serovars of Salmonella are not host adapted?

Answer 29

B
C
E

Question 30

what are signs of salmonellosis?

Answer 30

fever
diarrhea often with blood
endotoxemia
abortion
diptheretic membranes

Question 31

how long can Salmonella dublin be shed?

Answer 31

for life

Question 32

what are the signs of Salmonella dublin in calves?

Answer 32

fever
obtundation
anorexia
pneumonia
dehydration
septicemia

Question 33

how can you treat salmonella?

Answer 33

supportive care
antibiotics for severely affected

Question 34

what are the types of bovine virus diarrhea?

Answer 34

cytopathic
non-cytopathic

Question 35

what are clinical signs of bovine virus diarrhea?

Answer 35

subclinical- most
acute: fever, depression, diarrhea, oral lesions, immunosuppression
thrombocytopenia
immunosuppression
congenital defects
reproductive failure
persistent infection

Question 36

can persistently infected animals become infected with non-homologous strains?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

how can you diagnose bovine virus diarrhea?

Answer 37

PCR whole blood
tissue biopsy
bulk tank or blood PCR
necropsy

Question 38

how can you treat acute bovine virus diarrhea virus?

Answer 38

fluids
antibiotics to prevent secondary infections
palatable feeds
move to low-stress environment

Question 39

how can you prevent bovine virus diarrhea?

Answer 39

vaccination
test and cull
maintain closed herd or test additions
biosecurity

Question 40

what signs are seen with copper deficiencies?

Answer 40

diarrhea
anemia
loss of pigment
emaciation
bone abnormalities
stiffness

Question 41

what is seen with cobalt deficiency?

Answer 41

diarrhea
pica
weight loss
anemia

Question 42

what parasites can be in the abomasum?

Answer 42

ostertagia
Haemonchus placei
Trichostrongylus

Question 43

what parasites can be in the intestines that suck blood?

Answer 43

Bunostomum
Cooperia