Bovine GI: Physiology and Physical Exam Review Flashcards
what are the volatile fatty acids?
acetate
butyrate
propionate
what is the major source of nutrients for ruminants?
volatile fatty acids
how many inches of feed space per cow should be achieved?
18-30 inches of feed space/cow depending on stage of lactation
how often does the primary/mixing cycle of reticuloruminal motility occur?
2 contractions per minute
where is a rumenocentesis performed?
below left paralumbar fossa in ventral rumen sac
what are the main things that can ping on the left?
pneumoperitoneum
left displaced abomasum
rumen
what does the omasum absorb?
water
what are the three populations of rumen microbes?
rumen fluid bacteria and protozoa
particle associated bacteria
rumen associated bacteria
what lactation curves are ideal?
305-day
what are the two primary contractions per minute?
biphasic contraction of reticulum- then runs caudally along dorsal then ventral rumen sacs
rumen wall contraction helps maintain stratification of fluid and particulate matter that sorts ingesta by particle size
where does the secondary/eructation cycle in reticuloruminal motility occur?
starts in caudal sacs of rumen
contraction progresses cranially across dorsal rumen
gas cap pushed into cardiac region
what should the color be of rumen fluid?
yellow-brown to olive-brown
what pings on the left side?
rumen atony
pneumoperitoneum
LDA
pneumorectum
what pings on the right side?
spiral colon
pneumoperitoneum
RDA/RAV
cecal volvulus
pneumorectum
