Superficial Neck & Triangles Flashcards
What is contained in the superficial fascia?
- platysma
- ext. & ant. jugular veins
- sup. branches of cervical plexus
- sup. cervical lymph nodes
All muscles of facial expression are inervated by what nerve?
facial/cranial nerve 7
What are the actions of the platysma?
- pull angle of mouth downwards
- tighten & pull skin on the neck upwards
What do the external & anterior jugular veins drain?
- ext : drains superficial scalp & head
- ant: drains ant. superficial neck
What are the superifical branches of the cervical plexus (C1-C5)?
- lesser occipital
- greater auricular
- transverse cervical
- supraclavicular
What are the superficial cervical lymph nodes?
- pre & post. auricular
- submental
- submandibular
- tonsilar
- ant. & post cervical
- supraclavicular
What are the 3 layers of the deep fascia?
- investing (outer)
- pre-tracheal (middle)
- pre-vertebral (inner)
The investing layer of the neck forms the capsule for what 2 things?
parotid & submandibular glands
What is covered by the investing layer of the neck?
SCM & trapezius muscles
Fascia planes are important for what?
infections
What does the pre-tracheal layer of the neck come from?
hyoid -> middle mediastinum -> fibrous pericardium
What does the pre-tracheal layer of the neck continue with?
buccopharyngeal fascia
What does the pre-tracheal layer of the neck form?
carotid & fascial sheaths
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
- common carotid art.
- int. jugular vein
- vagus nerve
What is the tendon that passes the carotid sheath?
omohyoid
What is the carotid sheath pierced by?
ansa cervicalis
What does the pre-vertebral layer of the neck form?
axilary sheath & post. boundary of retropharyngeal space
What does the pre-vertebral layer of the neck blend with?
endothoracic fascia & ant. long. ligament
What is the hyoid bone suspended by?
stylohyoid ligament
What are the 3 parts fo the hyoid bone?
- hyoid body
- greater & lesser cornua
What are the muscle attachments of the hyoid bone?
- suprahyoid muscles
* geniohyoid
* stylohyoid
* mylohyoid - infrahyoid muscles
* sternohyoid
* thyrohyoid
* middle pharyngeal constrictor (neither group)
What are the 3 “strap” muscles?
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
What are the cervical muscles?
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius
- suprahyoid
- infrahyoid
- occipital
- suboccipital
What are the proximal & distal attachments of the sternocleidomastoid?
- prox: manubrium & medial clavicle
- distal: mastoid process & sup nuchal line
What is the innervation & action of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?
- inn: spinal accessory nerve (CN 11)
- action: lat. flexion of neck & rotation of face upwards to contralateral side
What cervical muscle divides the neck into anterior & superior triangles?
sternocleidomastoid
What layer of deep cervical fascia is the sternocleidomastoid covered by?
investing layer
What are the characteristics of torticollis (wryneck)?
- spasmodic contracture of SCM muscle
- causes: excesive pull on babys head & irritation of spinal accessory nerve
- results in: twisting of neck + slanting of chin away from affected side
What are the proximal & distal attachments of the trapezius?
- prox: sup nuchal line + ligamentum nuchae + spinous processes of C7-T12
- distal: spine of scapula + acromion + lat clavicle
What are the innervation & actions of the trapezius?
- inn: spinal accessory nerve
- actions: elevation/retraction of the scapula; uni-lateral flexion of the neck; bi-lateral extension of the neck
What are the suprahyoid muscles of the neck?
- geniohyoid
- stylohyoid
- mylohyoid
What are the infrahyoid muscles of the neck?
sternohyoid & thyrohyoid
What type of muscles elevate the hyoid bone?
suprahyoid
What are the proximal & distal attachments of the stylohyoid?
- prox: styloid process
- distal: hyoid body
What is the innervation & action of the stylohyoid?
- inn: facial nerve
- action: elongation of mouth floor
What are the proximal & distal attachments of the digastric?
- prox: digastric fossa of mandible & mastoid notch
- distal: hyoid body & greater horn
What is the innervation & action of the digastric?
- inn: mylohyoid (ant. belly) & facial (post. belly) nerve
- action: depression of mandible -> opens mouth
What is the innervation & action of the mylohyoid?
- inn: mylohyoid nerve
- elevation of mouth floor -> closes mouth
What is the proximal & distal attachment of the mylohyoid?
- prox: mylohyoid line
- distal: hyoid body
What is the innervation & action of the geniohyoid?
- inn: C1 of cervical plexus
- action: shortens mouth & widens the pharynx
What is the proximal & distal attachment of the geniohyoid?
- prox: inf. mental spine
- distal: hyoid body
What are the infrahyoid muscles of the neck? (TOSS)
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
What is the proximal & distal attachment of the omohyoid?
- prox: superior scapula
- distal: hyoid body
What is the innervation & action of the omohyoid?
- inn: ansa cervicalis
- action: retract & stabilize hyoid bone
What is the proximal & distal attachment of the sternothyroid?
- prox: post. manubrium
- distal: oblique line of thyroid lamina
What is the innervation & action of the sternothyroid?
- inn: ansa cervicalis
- action: depress larynx
What is the proximal & distal attachment of the sternohyoid?
- prox: manubrium & medial clavicle
- distal: hyoid body
What is the innervation & action of the sternohyoid?
- inn: ansa cervicalis
- action: depress hyoid bone
What is the innervation & action of the thyrohyoid?
- inn: C1 of cervical plexus
- action: elevate the pharynx
What is the proximal & distal attachment of the thyrohyoid?
- prox: oblique line of thyroid lamina
- distal: hyoid body + gretaer horn
What are the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle?
- ant: post. border of SCM
- post: ant. border of trapezius
- base: middle third of clavicle
- apex: occipital bone
What are the contents of the posterior cervical triangle?
floor: splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle & post. scalene muscles, accessory nerve, brachial plexus, cervical arts
What are the boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle?
- ant: median line of neck
- post: ant. surface of SCM
- sup. base: inf. mandible
- apex (joint): jugular ntoch of manubrium
- roof: super. fascia & platysma
What muscles divides the submental & submandibular triangles of the anterior triangle of the neck?
digastric
What muscle divides the carotid triangle of the anterior triangle of the neck?
omohyoid
What are the contents of the anterior triangle?
- pharynx
- larynx
- thyroid gland
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
- inf. (base): hyoid body
- lat. wall: ant. belly of digastric
- apex (point): symphysis menti
- floor: mylohyoid
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
- submental lymph nodes
- tributaries of ant. jugular vein
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
- sup (base): inf. mandible
- ant: ant. belly of digastric & stlyohyoid
- post: post. belly of digastric & stylohyoid
- apex: hyoid bone
- floor: mylohyoid & hyoglossus
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
- submandibular gland & lymph nodes
- facial vessels
- hypoglossal nerve
- submental art
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
- ant sup: post. belly of digastric
- ant. inf: sup. belly of omohyoid
- post: SCM
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
- common carotid art & vein -> ext & int carotid art & vein
- carotid body & sinus
- hypoglossal nerve
