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Anatomy > Superficial Neck & Triangles > Flashcards

Superficial Neck & Triangles Flashcards

1
Q

What is contained in the superficial fascia?

A
  • platysma
  • ext. & ant. jugular veins
  • sup. branches of cervical plexus
  • sup. cervical lymph nodes
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2
Q

All muscles of facial expression are inervated by what nerve?

A

facial/cranial nerve 7

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3
Q

What are the actions of the platysma?

A
  • pull angle of mouth downwards
  • tighten & pull skin on the neck upwards
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4
Q

What do the external & anterior jugular veins drain?

A
  • ext : drains superficial scalp & head
  • ant: drains ant. superficial neck
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5
Q

What are the superifical branches of the cervical plexus (C1-C5)?

A
  • lesser occipital
  • greater auricular
  • transverse cervical
  • supraclavicular
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6
Q

What are the superficial cervical lymph nodes?

A
  • pre & post. auricular
  • submental
  • submandibular
  • tonsilar
  • ant. & post cervical
  • supraclavicular
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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the deep fascia?

A
  • investing (outer)
  • pre-tracheal (middle)
  • pre-vertebral (inner)
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8
Q

The investing layer of the neck forms the capsule for what 2 things?

A

parotid & submandibular glands

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9
Q

What is covered by the investing layer of the neck?

A

SCM & trapezius muscles

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10
Q

Fascia planes are important for what?

A

infections

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11
Q

What does the pre-tracheal layer of the neck come from?

A

hyoid -> middle mediastinum -> fibrous pericardium

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12
Q

What does the pre-tracheal layer of the neck continue with?

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

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13
Q

What does the pre-tracheal layer of the neck form?

A

carotid & fascial sheaths

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14
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A
  • common carotid art.
  • int. jugular vein
  • vagus nerve
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15
Q

What is the tendon that passes the carotid sheath?

A

omohyoid

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16
Q

What is the carotid sheath pierced by?

A

ansa cervicalis

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17
Q

What does the pre-vertebral layer of the neck form?

A

axilary sheath & post. boundary of retropharyngeal space

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18
Q

What does the pre-vertebral layer of the neck blend with?

A

endothoracic fascia & ant. long. ligament

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19
Q

What is the hyoid bone suspended by?

A

stylohyoid ligament

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20
Q

What are the 3 parts fo the hyoid bone?

A
  • hyoid body
  • greater & lesser cornua
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21
Q

What are the muscle attachments of the hyoid bone?

A
  1. suprahyoid muscles
    * geniohyoid
    * stylohyoid
    * mylohyoid
  2. infrahyoid muscles
    * sternohyoid
    * thyrohyoid
    * middle pharyngeal constrictor (neither group)
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22
Q

What are the 3 “strap” muscles?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
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23
Q

What are the cervical muscles?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • trapezius
  • suprahyoid
  • infrahyoid
  • occipital
  • suboccipital
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24
Q

What are the proximal & distal attachments of the sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • prox: manubrium & medial clavicle
  • distal: mastoid process & sup nuchal line
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25
Q

What is the innervation & action of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

A
  • inn: spinal accessory nerve (CN 11)
  • action: lat. flexion of neck & rotation of face upwards to contralateral side
26
Q

What cervical muscle divides the neck into anterior & superior triangles?

A

sternocleidomastoid

27
Q

What layer of deep cervical fascia is the sternocleidomastoid covered by?

A

investing layer

28
Q

What are the characteristics of torticollis (wryneck)?

A
  • spasmodic contracture of SCM muscle
  • causes: excesive pull on babys head & irritation of spinal accessory nerve
  • results in: twisting of neck + slanting of chin away from affected side
29
Q

What are the proximal & distal attachments of the trapezius?

A
  • prox: sup nuchal line + ligamentum nuchae + spinous processes of C7-T12
  • distal: spine of scapula + acromion + lat clavicle
30
Q

What are the innervation & actions of the trapezius?

A
  • inn: spinal accessory nerve
  • actions: elevation/retraction of the scapula; uni-lateral flexion of the neck; bi-lateral extension of the neck
31
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles of the neck?

A
  • geniohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • mylohyoid
32
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles of the neck?

A

sternohyoid & thyrohyoid

33
Q

What type of muscles elevate the hyoid bone?

A

suprahyoid

34
Q

What are the proximal & distal attachments of the stylohyoid?

A
  • prox: styloid process
  • distal: hyoid body
35
Q

What is the innervation & action of the stylohyoid?

A
  • inn: facial nerve
  • action: elongation of mouth floor
36
Q

What are the proximal & distal attachments of the digastric?

A
  • prox: digastric fossa of mandible & mastoid notch
  • distal: hyoid body & greater horn
37
Q

What is the innervation & action of the digastric?

A
  • inn: mylohyoid (ant. belly) & facial (post. belly) nerve
  • action: depression of mandible -> opens mouth
38
Q

What is the innervation & action of the mylohyoid?

A
  • inn: mylohyoid nerve
  • elevation of mouth floor -> closes mouth
39
Q

What is the proximal & distal attachment of the mylohyoid?

A
  • prox: mylohyoid line
  • distal: hyoid body
40
Q

What is the innervation & action of the geniohyoid?

A
  • inn: C1 of cervical plexus
  • action: shortens mouth & widens the pharynx
41
Q

What is the proximal & distal attachment of the geniohyoid?

A
  • prox: inf. mental spine
  • distal: hyoid body
42
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles of the neck? (TOSS)

A
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
43
Q

What is the proximal & distal attachment of the omohyoid?

A
  • prox: superior scapula
  • distal: hyoid body
44
Q

What is the innervation & action of the omohyoid?

A
  • inn: ansa cervicalis
  • action: retract & stabilize hyoid bone
45
Q

What is the proximal & distal attachment of the sternothyroid?

A
  • prox: post. manubrium
  • distal: oblique line of thyroid lamina
46
Q

What is the innervation & action of the sternothyroid?

A
  • inn: ansa cervicalis
  • action: depress larynx
47
Q

What is the proximal & distal attachment of the sternohyoid?

A
  • prox: manubrium & medial clavicle
  • distal: hyoid body
48
Q

What is the innervation & action of the sternohyoid?

A
  • inn: ansa cervicalis
  • action: depress hyoid bone
49
Q

What is the innervation & action of the thyrohyoid?

A
  • inn: C1 of cervical plexus
  • action: elevate the pharynx
50
Q

What is the proximal & distal attachment of the thyrohyoid?

A
  • prox: oblique line of thyroid lamina
  • distal: hyoid body + gretaer horn
51
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle?

A
  • ant: post. border of SCM
  • post: ant. border of trapezius
  • base: middle third of clavicle
  • apex: occipital bone
52
Q

What are the contents of the posterior cervical triangle?

A

floor: splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle & post. scalene muscles, accessory nerve, brachial plexus, cervical arts

53
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle?

A
  • ant: median line of neck
  • post: ant. surface of SCM
  • sup. base: inf. mandible
  • apex (joint): jugular ntoch of manubrium
  • roof: super. fascia & platysma
54
Q

What muscles divides the submental & submandibular triangles of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

digastric

55
Q

What muscle divides the carotid triangle of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

omohyoid

56
Q

What are the contents of the anterior triangle?

A
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • thyroid gland
57
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A
  • inf. (base): hyoid body
  • lat. wall: ant. belly of digastric
  • apex (point): symphysis menti
  • floor: mylohyoid
58
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A
  • submental lymph nodes
  • tributaries of ant. jugular vein
59
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A
  • sup (base): inf. mandible
  • ant: ant. belly of digastric & stlyohyoid
  • post: post. belly of digastric & stylohyoid
  • apex: hyoid bone
  • floor: mylohyoid & hyoglossus
60
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

A
  • submandibular gland & lymph nodes
  • facial vessels
  • hypoglossal nerve
  • submental art
61
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A
  • ant sup: post. belly of digastric
  • ant. inf: sup. belly of omohyoid
  • post: SCM
62
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A
  • common carotid art & vein -> ext & int carotid art & vein
  • carotid body & sinus
  • hypoglossal nerve

Anatomy (23 decks)

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