Gluteal Region Posterior Thigh Flashcards
What is the bony support of the thigh?
pelvic girdle= os coxae + sacrum
What are the 3 bones of the os coxae?
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
- piriformis muscle
- sciatic nerve
- all nerves and arteries that originate within the pelvis and go tot gluteal region
What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
- obturator internus muscle
- where pudendal nerve leaves pelvis and enters perineal
What is the arterial supply of the gluteal region?
internal iliac art.
What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?
sup. & inf. gluteal art.
What are all somatic nerve plexuses formed by?
ventral primary rami
In the lumbosacral plexus, what nerves are related to intra-pelvic structures?
pelvic splanchnics (S2,3,4) -> pre-ganglionic parasympa.
In the lumbosacral plexus, what nerves are related to perineal structures?
- genitofemoral (L1,2)
- pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)
In the lumbosacral plexus, what nerves are related to gluteal region?
- nerve to obturator internus
- nerve to piriformis
- sup. gluteal
- inf. gluteal
- nerve to quadratus femoris
In the lumbosacral plexus, what nerves are related to lower extremity?
- lat. femoral cutaneous
- femoral
- obturator
- sciatic
- post. femoral cutaneous
What posterior thigh muscles attach to the ischial tuberosity?
- inf. gemellus
- quadratus femoris
- semi-tendinosus
- semi-membranosus
- biceps femoris
What is the lagest/heaviest bone that is difficult to fracture?
femur
What attaches to the ishcial spine?
sup. gemellus
What is the proximal & distal attachment of the tensor fascia lata?
- prox: ASIS
- distal: iliotibial band
What is the innervation of the tensor fascia lata?
sup. gluteal n.
What does the sacrospinous ligament attach to?
sacrum -> ischial spine
What does the femur articulate with?
acetabulum (hip joint)
What does the sacrotuberous ligament attach to?
sacrum -> ischial tuberosity
What muscles does the superior gluteal artery supply?
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
What muscles does the inferior gluteal artery supply?
- gluteus maximus
- piriformis
- obturator internus
- quadratus femoris
What are the dorsal primary rami branches of the sensory innervation of the gluteal region?
- sup. cluneal nerve
- middle cluneal nerve
- inf. cluneal nerve
What are the proximal attachments of the gluteus maximus?
- iliac crest
- post. gluteal line
- sacrum
- coccyx
- sacrotuberous ligament
What are the distal atatchemnts of the gluteus maximus?
- iliotibial band
- gluteal tuberosity
What are the proximal and distal attachments of gluteus medius?
- prox: ant. sup. gluteal line
- distal: greater trochanter
What are the proximal and distal attachments of gluteus minimus?
- prox: ant. inf. gluteal line
- distal: greater trochanter
What is the trendelenburg gait?
- damage to sup. gluteal nerve
- causes hip drop on the contralateral side
What is inferior gluteal nerve palsy?
- damage to inf. gluteal nerve
- gluteus maximus is affected
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the piriformis?
- prox: ant. sacrum
- distal: great trochanter
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the obturator internus?
- prox: lat. hip bone, obturator membrane
- distal: greater trochanter
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the quadratus femoris?
- prox: ischial tuberosity
- distal: intertrochanteric femoris
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the superior gemellus?
- prox: ischial spine
- distal: greater trochanter
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the inferior gemullus?
- prox: ischial tuberosity
- distal: greater trochanter
What does the nerve to obturator internus innervate?
- obturator internus
- sup. gemellus
What does the nerve to quadratus femoris innervate?
- quadratus femoris
- inf. gemellus
What are the muscles of the posterior thigh?
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- biceps femoris
What is the arterial supply of the posterior thigh ?
external iliac art. -> deep femoral art.
What is the innervation of the posterior thigh?
lumbosacral plexus -> sciatic n.
What is the proximal and distal attachments of the semimembranosus?
- prox: ischial tuberosity
- distal: medial condyle
What is the proximal and distal attachments of the semitendinosus?
- prox: ischial tuberosity
- distal: proximal tibia shaft
What is the proximal and distal attachments of the biceps femoris?
- prox: long head -> ischial tuberosity; short head -> linea aspera
- distal: prox. fibula
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
- sup.: medial = semimembranosus + semitendinosus; lateral= biceps femoris
- inf: gastrocnemius
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
- superficial: sciatic n -> tibial + fibular
- intermediate: popliteal vein
- deep: popliteal art.
- saphenous v.
- geniculate art.
- sural n.
