Scalp, Face, & Head Flashcards
What are the layers of the scalp from superficial to deep?
- skin
- connective tissue
- aponeurosis
- loose areolar tissue
- pericardium
What part of the occipitofrontalis retracts the scalp?
occipital belly
What part of the occipitofrontalis protracts the scalp?
frontalis belly
What is the arterial supply of the scalp?
- int. carotid art -> opthalmic art
- ext carotid art -> super. temporal, post auricular, & occipital
What is the venous drainage of the scalp?
diploic veins in the diploe (spongy bone)
What are the muscles of the mouth?
- orbicularis oris
- buccinator
- lip elevator
- lip depressor
Which muscle of the mouth surrounds the entire mouth & forms sounds for speech?
orbicularis oris
What are the attachments & action of the buccinator as a mouth muscle?
- prox: alveolar process
- distal: pterygomandibular raphe
- action: keeps cheek taut
What are the lip elevators of the mouth?
- levator labii sup. alaeque nasi -> raises sup lip & nose
- levator labii sup -> raises sup lip
- zygomaticus maj & min -> elevate lip
What are the lip elevators of the mouth?
- depressor anguli oris
- mentalis
- depressor labii inf -> depress lower lip
- platysma
What are the 3 parts of the orbicularis oculi?
- orbital -> closes eyelids tightly
- palpebral -> closes eyelids
- lacrimal -> pulls eyelids medially
What muscles act on the eyebrows?
- depressor supercilli
- corrugator supercilli
- procerus
What muscles act on the nose?
- nasalis -> flares nostril
- depressor septi nasi -> depresses nostrils
- procerus -> top of the nose
What are the muscles of mastication?
- masseter
- temporalis
- med & lat pterygoids
inn by trigeminal nerve
What muscles of mastication close the mouth?
- temporalis
- masseter
- med pterygoid
What muscle of mastication opens the mouth?
lat pterygoid
What are the 5 branches of cranial nerve 7 in the face?
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- marginal
- cervical
What muscles does the temporal branch of cranial nerve 7 innervate in the face?
- occipitofrontalis (frontal belly )
- orbicularis oculi
- auricularis sup & int
What muscles does the zygomatic branch of cranial nerve 7 innervate in the face?
- orbicularis oculi
- zygomaticus
- levator labii sup
What muscles does the buccal branch of cranial nerve 7 innervate in the face?
levator labii sup & orbicularis oris
What muscles does the marginal mandibular branch of cranial nerve 7 innervate in the face?
- risorius
- depressor labii inf
- mentalis
What muscle does the temporal branch of cranial nerve 7 innervate in the face?
platysma
What are the 5 branches of the external carotid artery that supply the face?
- facial art
- super. temporal art
- maxillary art
- post. auricular
- occipital
What branch of the external carotid artery branches into sup. + inf. labial & lat. nasal arteries?
facial artery
What branch of the external carotid artery branches into sup + inf alveolar & buccal arteries?
maxillary branch
What branch of the external carotid artery branches into the transverse facial artery?
sup. temporal art.
What are the characteristics of the parotid gland?
- pierces buccinator @ 2nd molar
- location: between mandible + SCM
- inn: glossopharyngeal n
What is the location & innervation of the submandibular gland?
- location: under the jawbone -> shoots saliva
- inn: facial nerve
What is the location & innervation of the sublingual gland?
- location: under the tongue
- inn: facial nerve
What is the veinous drainage of the head?
drains into int. jugular
What is the innervation of the muscles of mastication and sensation to the face?
trigeminal nerve -> mandibular branch
What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?
- opthalmic
- maxillary
- mandibular
What muscles does the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate?
- supra-orbital
- supra-trochlear
- infra-trochlear
- lacrimal
- ext nasal
What muscles does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate?
- zygomatico-temporal
- zygomatico-facial
- infra-orbital
What muscles does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve innervate?
- auriculotemporal
- buccal
- mental
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus
- palatoglossus
What are the attachments & action of the genioglossus tongue muscle?
- prox: sup mental tubercle
- distal: hyoid body & tongue
- action: protrude tongue & depress center of tongue
What are the attachments & action of the hyoglossus tongue muscle?
- prox: greater horn & body of hyoid bone
- distal: lat tongue
- action: depression of lat tongue
What are the attachments & action of the styloglossus tongue muscle?
- prox: styloid process
- distal: lat tongue
- actions: elevate & retract the tongue
What are the attachments & action of the palatoglossus tongue muscle?
- prox: inf palatal aponeurosis
- distal: lat tongue
- actions: depress solf palate & elevate post. tongue
All muscles of the extrinsic tongue is innervated by the hypoglosal nerve EXCEPT?
palatoglossus -> inn by vagus nerve
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- sup longitudinal -> taste buds
- inf longitudinal
- transverse
- vertical
What are the characteristics of the concha in the nasal cavity?
- bony structures
- sup/mid/lat concha -> increase surface area
- function: moisterize & warm the air passing through
What is the location & function of the semilunar hiatus in the nasal cavity?
- groove in nasal cavity
- function: drain most sinuses
What is the location & function of the choanae in the nasal cavity?
- location: post to nostrils
- function: connect nasal cavity to pharynx
What is the location & function of the tours tubarius in the nasal cavity?
- location: between ear & nasopharynx
- function: repressurize ear
What is the location & drainage of the frontal sinus?
- location: above the inner eye & eyebrow
- drainage: ethmoidal infundibulum -> semilunar hiatus
What is the location & drainage of the ethmoid sinus?
- location: above nose & b/w the eyes
- drainage: ant -> mid meatus; middle -> mid meatus; post -> sup meatus
What is the location & drainage of the sphenoid sinus?
- location: behind ethmoid sinus
- drainage: sphenoethmoidal recess
What is the location & drainage of the maxillary sinus?
- location: below the eyes
- drainage: maxillary ostium -> middle meatus
What is the arterial supply & innervation of the oral cavity?
- arterial supply -> lingual art
- inn: lingual n & hypoglossal n
