Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
What are the superior attachments of the quadratus lumborum?
- supero-medial border of rib 12
- lumbar transverse processes
What are the inferior attachments of the quadratus lumborum?
- iliolumbar ligament
- internal lip of iliac crest
What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?
ventral primary rami (T12-L4)
What are the superior attachments of the psoas major & minor?
vertebrae + intervertebral discs of T12-L5
What is the inferior attachment of the psoas major & minor?
lesser trochanter
What is the innervation of the psoas major & minor?
ventral primary rami (L1-3)
What is the superior attachment of the iliacus?
superior 2/3 iliac fossa
What is the inferior attachment of the iliacus?
lesser trochanter
What is the innervation of the iliacus?
femoral n
What are the 3 portions of the diaphragm?
- Sternal portion = post. surface of xiphoid process
- Costal portion = inner costal cartilage & arcuate ligaments
- Lumbar portion = right + left crura (tendons)
What are the opening in the diaphragm?
- IVC (& phrenic n.) -> T8
- Esophagus (& vagus n.) -> T10
- Aorta -> T12
Where do the medial & lateral arcuate ligaments pass?
- med: passes over psoas major
- lat: passes over quadratus lumborum
What are the right & left crura?
- right: wraps around esophageal hiatus (to act as esophageal sphincter)
- left crus: wraps around aortic hiatus
In the diaphragm, what are the characteristics of the sympathetic trunk?
- from thoracolumbar region
- ganglia located along either side of the spine
- provides “fight or flight” response
In the diaphragm, what are the characteristics of the parasympathetic trunk?
- from craniosacral region
- ganglia located in organs + tissues
- provides “rest & digest” response
In the diaphragm, what does each nerve contain?
afferent + efferent nerve fibers
What fibers does sensory innervation involve?
afferent -> conduct signals from stimuli to brain
What fibers does motor innervation involve?
efferent -> conduct signals from brain to muscle
How can diaphragm pain be felt as shoulder pain?
because of innervation by the phrenic nerve
How is a hiatal hernia formed?
weak esophageal sphincter= right crus
What is the arterial supply of the thoracic surface of the diaphragm?
- Pericardiophrenic arteries
- Musculophrenic arterial brs.
- Superior phrenic arteries [off thoracic aorta]
What is the arterial supply of the abdominal surface of the diaphragm?
- Inferior phrenic arteries
- 1st pair of arteries off abdominal aorta
What is the innervation of the posterior abdominal wall? (S.I.I.G.L.F.O.A.L.)
- Subcostal n. = travels post. to kidneys
- Iliohypogastric n. = travels post. to kidneys
- Ilioinguinal n.= travels post. to kidneys
- Genitofemoral n. = anterior to psoas major m.
- Lateral Cutaneous n.
- Femoral n. = lateral to psoas major m.
- Obturator n. = medial to psoas major m.
- Accessory Obturator n.
- Lumbosacral Trunk
What are the branches off the abdominal aorta for the arterial supply of the posterior abdominal wall?
- celiac trunk -> common hepatic a., splenic a., left gastric a.
- sup mesenteric a.
- inf. mesenteric a.
What are the paired arteries off the abdominal aorta?
- inf. phrenic a.
- renal + suprarenal a.
- gonadal a.
What is the flow of arterial supply in the posterior abdominal wall?
aorta -> commin iliac -> ext + int iliac
What are the paired veins off the IVC?
renal & gonadal
What is the venous drainage on the right side of the posterior abdominal wall?
- Right renal vein -> IVC
- Right testicular vein -> IVC
What is the venous drainage on the left side of the posterior abdominal wall?
- Left renal vein -> IVC
- Left testicular vein -> left renal vein -> IVC
What is the posterior surface of the kidneys?
posterior abdominal wall
What is the anterior surface of the kidneys?
parietal peritoneum
What nerves pass diagonally & laterally posterior to the kidney?
- Subcostal n.
- Iliohypogastric n.
- Ilioinguinal n.
What is the arterial supply of the kidneys?
right + left renal art.
What is the venous drainage of the kidneys?
right + left renal veins
What is the kidney ureter?
- vessel that carries urine from kidneys to bladder
- travels OVER the external iliac vessels
- travels UNDER the vas deferens (male) or uterine arteries (female)
What type of organ is the kidney?
retroperitoneal = covered by peritoneum on one side
Where is the right adrenal gland of the kidneys located?
located behind bare area of the liver
Where is the left adrenal gland of the kidneys located?
located facing the omental bursa
