Intro to Anatomy Flashcards
What is the coronal (frontal) plane?
divides body into front and back
What is the sagittal plane?
divides the body into left and right
What is the axial (horizontal ro transverse) plane?
divides body into upper and lower segments
What is the flexion movement?
decreases the angle of the joint
What is the extension movement?
increases the angle of the joint
What is the abduction movement?
away from the midline
What is the adduction movement?
towards the midline
What is internal rotation?
anterior surface TOWARDS midline
What is external rotation?
anterior surface AWAY from midline
What is supination?
palm up
What is pronation?
palm down
What is the anatomical position of hands and feet?
- hand: front= plam; back= dorsum
- feet: bottom= sole; top= dorsum
What are the 2 types of skeletons in the skeletal system?
axial and appendicular
What is included in the axial skeleton?
- skull
- vertebral column (spine, sacrum, coccyx)
- ribs
What is included in the appendicular system?
- clavicle
- scapulae
- os coxae
- limbs
What bones are long bones?
femur and humerus
What bones are short bones?
tarsals (ankle) and carpals (wrist)
What bones are flat bones?
- scapular
- ilium
- frontal
What bones are irregular bones?
vertebra and sphenoid
What bone is a sesamoid bone?
patella
What are the characteristics of the long bone?
- spongy, cancellous, trabecular
- compact/dense
- medullary cavity: hematopoietic or adipose tissue
What are the processes associated with joints?
- head
- condyle
- facet
- ramus
What are the processes associated with attachments (tendons)?
- crest
- spine
- epicondyle
- linea
- trochanter
- tuberosity
What are the depression and openings of boney features?
- fossa
- fissure
- neatus
- foramen
What are the 2 types of joints?
- fibrous: skull sutures; little to no movement; fibrous connective tissue
- cartilaginous: allows movement; have cartilage
What are the 8 different types of muscles?
- circular
- fusiform
- unipennate
- bipennate
- multipennate
- parallel
- convergent
- quadrate
Tendons connect what to what?
muscle to bone
Ligaments connect what to what?
bone to bone
Origin and insertion are known as what attachments?
- origin -> proximal attachment
- insertion -> distal attachment
What are the 3 contractions?
- isometric: gravity= muscle force
- concentric: gravity < muscle force
- eccentric: gravity > muscle force
What is the CNS nervous system?
brain + spinal cord
What is the PNS nervous system?
everything besides CNS
What is the difference between somatic and autonomic?
- somatic -> voluntary
- autonomic -> involuntary
What are the 2 types of autonomic systems?
- sympathetic= fight or flight
- parasympathetic= rest and digest
What is a dermatome?
- receive innervation from 1 spinal nerve
- used to test function at spinal levels
What is a perioheral nerve?
receive innervation from multiple spinal nerves
