Intro to Anatomy

Question 1

What is the coronal (frontal) plane?

Answer 1

divides body into front and back

Question 2

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 2

divides the body into left and right

Question 3

What is the axial (horizontal ro transverse) plane?

Answer 3

divides body into upper and lower segments

Question 4

What is the flexion movement?

Answer 4

decreases the angle of the joint

Question 5

What is the extension movement?

Answer 5

increases the angle of the joint

Question 6

What is the abduction movement?

Answer 6

away from the midline

Question 7

What is the adduction movement?

Answer 7

towards the midline

Question 8

What is internal rotation?

Answer 8

anterior surface TOWARDS midline

Question 9

What is external rotation?

Answer 9

anterior surface AWAY from midline

Question 10

What is supination?

Answer 10

palm up

Question 11

What is pronation?

Answer 11

palm down

Question 12

What is the anatomical position of hands and feet?

Answer 12

• hand: front= plam; back= dorsum
• feet: bottom= sole; top= dorsum

Question 13

What are the 2 types of skeletons in the skeletal system?

Answer 13

axial and appendicular

Question 14

What is included in the axial skeleton?

Answer 14

• skull
• vertebral column (spine, sacrum, coccyx)
• ribs

Question 15

What is included in the appendicular system?

Answer 15

• clavicle
• scapulae
• os coxae
• limbs

Question 16

What bones are long bones?

Answer 16

femur and humerus

Question 17

What bones are short bones?

Answer 17

tarsals (ankle) and carpals (wrist)

Question 18

What bones are flat bones?

Answer 18

• scapular
• ilium
• frontal

Question 19

What bones are irregular bones?

Answer 19

vertebra and sphenoid

Question 20

What bone is a sesamoid bone?

Answer 20

patella

Question 21

What are the characteristics of the long bone?

Answer 21

• spongy, cancellous, trabecular
• compact/dense
• medullary cavity: hematopoietic or adipose tissue

Question 22

What are the processes associated with joints?

Answer 22

• head
• condyle
• facet
• ramus

Question 23

What are the processes associated with attachments (tendons)?

Answer 23

• crest
• spine
• epicondyle
• linea
• trochanter
• tuberosity

Question 24

What are the depression and openings of boney features?

Answer 24

• fossa
• fissure
• neatus
• foramen

Question 25

What are the 2 types of joints?

Answer 25

• fibrous: skull sutures; little to no movement; fibrous connective tissue
• cartilaginous: allows movement; have cartilage

Question 26

What are the 8 different types of muscles?

Answer 26

• circular
• fusiform
• unipennate
• bipennate
• multipennate
• parallel
• convergent
• quadrate

Question 27

Tendons connect what to what?

Answer 27

muscle to bone

Question 28

Ligaments connect what to what?

Answer 28

bone to bone

Question 29

Origin and insertion are known as what attachments?

Answer 29

• origin -> proximal attachment
• insertion -> distal attachment

Question 30

What are the 3 contractions?

Answer 30

• isometric: gravity= muscle force
• concentric: gravity < muscle force
• eccentric: gravity > muscle force

Question 31

What is the CNS nervous system?

Answer 31

brain + spinal cord

Question 32

What is the PNS nervous system?

Answer 32

everything besides CNS

Question 33

What is the difference between somatic and autonomic?

Answer 33

• somatic -> voluntary
• autonomic -> involuntary

Question 34

What are the 2 types of autonomic systems?

Answer 34

• sympathetic= fight or flight
• parasympathetic= rest and digest

Question 35

What is a dermatome?

Answer 35

• receive innervation from 1 spinal nerve
• used to test function at spinal levels

Question 36

What is a perioheral nerve?

Answer 36

receive innervation from multiple spinal nerves