Heart & Mediastinum Flashcards
In what part of the heart do heart attacks usually occur in?
left anterior interventricular art.
What is included in the medistinum?
everything in the thoracic cavity EXCEPT the lungs
Where does the sternal angle extend posteriorly?
T4/T5
When the sternal angle divides the superior & inferior divisions of the heart, what is it called?
transverse thoracic plane
What are the structures in the superior division of the medistinum? (TASTE The Little Rainbow)
- thymus
- arch of aorta
- superior vena cava
- trachea
- esophagus
- thoracic duct
- left recurrent laryngeal nerve
What are the structures in the anterior inferior division? (TLC)
- thymus
- lymph nodes
- fat + connective tissue
What are the structures in the middle inferior division? (AARP)
- pericardium
- heart
- arch of azygos
- roots of great vessels
- phrenic nerve
- main primary bronchi
What are the structures in the posterior inferior division? (DEATH)
- duct
- esophagus
- thoracic aorta
- azygous + hemiazygous veins
What is the veinous drainage of the heart?
hemi-azygos vein -> azygos vein -> SVC
What layer of the heart is the fibrous pericardium?
outermost
What layer of the heart is the serous pericardium?
inner layer
Which pleura is attached to the fibrous pericardium?
parietal
Which pleura directly covers the heart?
visceral
What are the anterior structures of the heart?
IVC + SVC -> right atrium
What are the postrior structures of the heart?
pulmonary veins -> left atrium
What are the posterior structures of the heart?
- coronary sinus -> right atrium
- oblique sinus
- transverse sinus
What is the oblique sinus?
- bordered by pulmonary veins + IVC
- contains left atrium
What is the transverse sinus bordered by anteriorly & posteriorly?
- bordered ant. by aorta + pulmonary trunk
- bordered post. by SVC
What is the path of circulation for the heart?
CS + IVC + SVC -> RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary art. -> pulmonary v. -> LA -> bicuspid “mitral valve” -> LV -> aortic valve -> aorta
What is included when the right coronary artery drains into the right ventricle?
- SA nodal branch
- right marginal art.
- right post. interventricular art. (PDA)
What is included when the left coronary artery drains into the right ventricle?
- left ant. interventricular art. (LAD)
- left circumflex art.
- left marginal art.
What is the venous drainage of the heart?
veins of the heart -> coronary sinus -> RA
What does the great cardiac vein run with?
LAD
What does the left marginal vein run with?
marginal art.
What does the small cardiac vein run with?
right coronary + right marginal art.
What does the middle cardiac vein run with?
PDA
What does the left posterior ventricular vein run with?
itself
What are the 2 parts of the right atrium?
- smooth area -> int. of atrium
- rough area -> pectinate muscle
What divides the rough & smooth area of the right atrium?
crista terminalis
What are the structures of the right atrium?
- right auricle -> remnant of primitive atrium
- fossa ovalis -> thin wall b/w the RA & LA
- cristae terminalis
- septal papillary muscle
- pectinate muscle
What are the 3 leaflets of the tricuspid valve attached to?
- chordae tendinae
- papillary muscles -> ant., med. (septal), post.
What are the structures of the right ventricle?
- chordae tendinae -> attaches valve to papillary
- moderator band -> runs from ventricular septum to ant. papillary muscle
- trabeculae carneae
Where is the moderator band only found in?
right ventricle
The left atrium is made mostly of what type of area?
smooth
What is the blood flow of the left atrium?
pulmonary veins bring oxy. blood here -> drains through bicuspid valve -> enters left ventricle
What are the structures of the left atrium?
left auricle = remnant of atrium
What does the left ventricle consist of?
trabeculae carnae
What is the blood flow of the left ventricle?
left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> drains to aorta
In the left ventricle, what are the 2 leaflets attached to?
- cordae tendinae
- papillary muscles = ant. + post.
What is the structure of the left ventricle?
chordae tendinae
What are the atrio-ventricular valves of the heart?
- tricuspid = 3 leaflets
- bicuspid = 2 leaflets
What are the leaflets of the aortic valve?
right, left, post.
What are the leaflets of the pulmonary valve?
right, left , ant.
What happens during systole?
ventricles contract -> heart pumps blood
During systole, what valvles are open? Closed?
- open -> pumonary + aortic
- closed -> atrio-ventricular
How does blood move during systole?
- right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk
- left ventricle -> aorta
What is diastole?
ventricles relaxed -> heart is filling with blood
In diastole, what valves are open? Closed?
- open -> atrio-ventricular
- closed -> aortic + pulmonary
How does blood move in diastole?
- rigth atrium -> right ventricle
- left atrium -> left ventricle
What is the flow of the conduction system of the heart?
SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> right + left bundle branches -> subendo branches
