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Anatomy > Heart & Mediastinum > Flashcards

Heart & Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

In what part of the heart do heart attacks usually occur in?

A

left anterior interventricular art.

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2
Q

What is included in the medistinum?

A

everything in the thoracic cavity EXCEPT the lungs

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3
Q

Where does the sternal angle extend posteriorly?

A

T4/T5

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4
Q

When the sternal angle divides the superior & inferior divisions of the heart, what is it called?

A

transverse thoracic plane

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5
Q

What are the structures in the superior division of the medistinum? (TASTE The Little Rainbow)

A
  • thymus
  • arch of aorta
  • superior vena cava
  • trachea
  • esophagus
  • thoracic duct
  • left recurrent laryngeal nerve
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6
Q

What are the structures in the anterior inferior division? (TLC)

A
  • thymus
  • lymph nodes
  • fat + connective tissue
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7
Q

What are the structures in the middle inferior division? (AARP)

A
  • pericardium
  • heart
  • arch of azygos
  • roots of great vessels
  • phrenic nerve
  • main primary bronchi
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8
Q

What are the structures in the posterior inferior division? (DEATH)

A
  • duct
  • esophagus
  • thoracic aorta
  • azygous + hemiazygous veins
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9
Q

What is the veinous drainage of the heart?

A

hemi-azygos vein -> azygos vein -> SVC

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10
Q

What layer of the heart is the fibrous pericardium?

A

outermost

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11
Q

What layer of the heart is the serous pericardium?

A

inner layer

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12
Q

Which pleura is attached to the fibrous pericardium?

A

parietal

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13
Q

Which pleura directly covers the heart?

A

visceral

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14
Q

What are the anterior structures of the heart?

A

IVC + SVC -> right atrium

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15
Q

What are the postrior structures of the heart?

A

pulmonary veins -> left atrium

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16
Q

What are the posterior structures of the heart?

A
  • coronary sinus -> right atrium
  • oblique sinus
  • transverse sinus
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17
Q

What is the oblique sinus?

A
  • bordered by pulmonary veins + IVC
  • contains left atrium
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18
Q

What is the transverse sinus bordered by anteriorly & posteriorly?

A
  • bordered ant. by aorta + pulmonary trunk
  • bordered post. by SVC
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19
Q

What is the path of circulation for the heart?

A

CS + IVC + SVC -> RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary art. -> pulmonary v. -> LA -> bicuspid “mitral valve” -> LV -> aortic valve -> aorta

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20
Q

What is included when the right coronary artery drains into the right ventricle?

A
  • SA nodal branch
  • right marginal art.
  • right post. interventricular art. (PDA)
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21
Q

What is included when the left coronary artery drains into the right ventricle?

A
  • left ant. interventricular art. (LAD)
  • left circumflex art.
  • left marginal art.
22
Q

What is the venous drainage of the heart?

A

veins of the heart -> coronary sinus -> RA

23
Q

What does the great cardiac vein run with?

A

LAD

24
Q

What does the left marginal vein run with?

A

marginal art.

25
Q

What does the small cardiac vein run with?

A

right coronary + right marginal art.

26
Q

What does the middle cardiac vein run with?

A

PDA

27
Q

What does the left posterior ventricular vein run with?

A

itself

28
Q

What are the 2 parts of the right atrium?

A
  • smooth area -> int. of atrium
  • rough area -> pectinate muscle
29
Q

What divides the rough & smooth area of the right atrium?

A

crista terminalis

30
Q

What are the structures of the right atrium?

A
  • right auricle -> remnant of primitive atrium
  • fossa ovalis -> thin wall b/w the RA & LA
  • cristae terminalis
  • septal papillary muscle
  • pectinate muscle
31
Q

What are the 3 leaflets of the tricuspid valve attached to?

A
  • chordae tendinae
  • papillary muscles -> ant., med. (septal), post.
32
Q

What are the structures of the right ventricle?

A
  • chordae tendinae -> attaches valve to papillary
  • moderator band -> runs from ventricular septum to ant. papillary muscle
  • trabeculae carneae
33
Q

Where is the moderator band only found in?

A

right ventricle

34
Q

The left atrium is made mostly of what type of area?

A

smooth

35
Q

What is the blood flow of the left atrium?

A

pulmonary veins bring oxy. blood here -> drains through bicuspid valve -> enters left ventricle

36
Q

What are the structures of the left atrium?

A

left auricle = remnant of atrium

37
Q

What does the left ventricle consist of?

A

trabeculae carnae

38
Q

What is the blood flow of the left ventricle?

A

left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> drains to aorta

39
Q

In the left ventricle, what are the 2 leaflets attached to?

A
  • cordae tendinae
  • papillary muscles = ant. + post.
40
Q

What is the structure of the left ventricle?

A

chordae tendinae

41
Q

What are the atrio-ventricular valves of the heart?

A
  • tricuspid = 3 leaflets
  • bicuspid = 2 leaflets
42
Q

What are the leaflets of the aortic valve?

A

right, left, post.

43
Q

What are the leaflets of the pulmonary valve?

A

right, left , ant.

44
Q

What happens during systole?

A

ventricles contract -> heart pumps blood

45
Q

During systole, what valvles are open? Closed?

A
  • open -> pumonary + aortic
  • closed -> atrio-ventricular
46
Q

How does blood move during systole?

A
  • right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk
  • left ventricle -> aorta
47
Q

What is diastole?

A

ventricles relaxed -> heart is filling with blood

48
Q

In diastole, what valves are open? Closed?

A
  • open -> atrio-ventricular
  • closed -> aortic + pulmonary
49
Q

How does blood move in diastole?

A
  • rigth atrium -> right ventricle
  • left atrium -> left ventricle
50
Q

What is the flow of the conduction system of the heart?

A

SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> right + left bundle branches -> subendo branches

Anatomy (23 decks)

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