Leg, Ankle, and Foot Flashcards
What is the bony support of the leg?
tibia (medial) & fibula (lateral)
What connects the tibia and fibula?
interosseous membrane
What muscles attach to the tibia?
- tibialis ant. & post.
- extensor digi longus
- flexor digi longus
- soleus
- popliteus
What muscles attach to the fibula?
- tibialis post.
- fibularis tertisu, longus, brevis
- extensor hallucis longus
- soleus
- flexor hallucis longus
What is the innervation and arterial supply of the anterior leg (extensors)?
- ant. tibial art.
- deep fibular n.
What is the innervation and arterial supply of the posterior leg (felxors)?
- superficial: fibular art & tibial n.
- deep: post. tibial art. & tibial n.
What is the innervation and arterial supply of the lateral leg (eversion)?
- branches of fibular art.
- superficial fibular n.
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?
- tibialis ant.
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
- fibularis tertitus
What is the action of the muscles in the anterior compartment?
extensors -> dorsi flexion
What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the leg?
- superficial: gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus
- deep: popliteus, tibialis post., flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
What is the action of the muscles in the posterior compartment?
flexors -> plantar flexion
What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
What is the action of the muscles in the lateral compartment?
eversion
What is anterior leg compartment syndrome?
- unable to dorsi-flex which results in “foot drop”
- common fibular n. affected
What is the medial tendinous support of the knee? (S.S.G.)
- ant: sartorius
- med: gracilis
- post: semitendinosus
What is the lateral tendinous support of the knee?
- ioliotibial band
- biceps femoris
What is the anterior tendinous support of the knee?
- quadriceps femoris
- patellar ligament
What are the collateral ligaments of the knee?
- medial collateral -> attaches directly to joint capsule
- lateral collateral -> has gap b/w joint capsule
What is known as the terrible triad?
tear ACL + medial meniscus + medial collateral ligament
What is the arterial supply and innervation of the knee?
- popliteal art. -> geniculate art.
- tibial n.
What forms the heel in the foot?
calcaneus
What are the tarsal bones in the foot?
- navicular
- cuneiform (med., inter., lat.)
- cuboid
What is the arterial supply of the foot?
- ant. tibial art. -> dorsalis pedis art.
- post. tibial art. -> plantar art.
What is the innervation of the foot?
- tibial n. -> plantar n.
- common fibular n. -> super. fibular n. & deep fibular n.
What is the action of the flexors in the posterior leg?
plantar-flexion of the foot
What is the order of things that pass the medial malleolus? (T.D.A.V.N.H.)
- tibialis post.
- flexor digitorum longus
- tibial art.
- tibial vein
- tibial n.
- flexor hallucis longus
What extensor muscles pass under the retinaculum in the foot? (T.D.H.)
- tibialis ant.
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
What is the action of the extensor muscles in the foot?
dorsi-flexion
What are the evertor muscles that pass the lateral malleolus?
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
What is the action of the evertor muscles in the foot?
eversion
What is the most common injury in the ankle?
forced inversion
What are the 2 joint muscles of the lower limb that aid in hip extension & knee flexion?
- semitendinosus
- semimembrinosus
- biceps
What is the 2 joint muscle of the lower limb that aid in knee extension & hip flexion?
rectus femoris
What is the 2 joint muscle of the lower limb that aid in hip adduction & knee flexion?
gracilis
What is the 2 joint muscle of the lower limb that aid in ankle plantar flexion & knee flexion?
gastrocneumius
What are the muscles that are extrinsic and go into the foot?
- tibialis ant. & post.
- ext. holli. longus
- inf. exten. retin.
- flex. hallu. longus
- post. tibial art. & n.
- flex. digi. llongus
