Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Cranium & Brain > Flashcards

Cranium & Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cranial roof & base in the neurocranium?

A
  • cranial roof: frontal, occipital & 2 parietal bones
  • cranial base: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, occipital, parietal & temporal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the neurocranium?

A
  • surrounds & protects the brain
  • houses middle & ear structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the viscerocranium?

A

facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What bone is the ONLY moveable bone of the skull?

A

mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the bones of the viscerocranium?

A
  • nasal (2)
  • maxillae (2): attachment for facial expression
  • zygomatic (2): cheek bones
  • lacrimal
  • vomer: fkat bone that forms nasal septum
  • palatine (2)
  • mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the bones of the neurorocranium?

A
  • ant: frontal, ethmoid, & sphenoid
  • lat: pariteal (2) & temporal (2)
  • post: occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which cranial bone is the keystone for the cranial floor & is in contact with all other cranial bones?

A

sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can be seen from the anterior view of the cranium?

A
  • glabella
  • facial bones -> maxillae
  • frontal & parietal
  • orbits -> eye support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can be seen from the lateral view of the cranium?

A
  • zygomatic arch (high yield)
  • temporal fossa ( above arch) & infratemporal fossa (below arch)
  • ext. accoustic meatus
  • styloid & mastoid processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can be seen from the posterior view of the cranium?

A
  • lambda
  • mastoid process
  • occipital & parietal bones
  • ext. occipital protuberance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can be seen from the superior view of the cranium?

A
  • cranium roof -> calvarium
  • coronal suture: separates frontal from parietal
  • sagittal suture: separates right & left parietal
  • lambdoid suture: separates occipital from right & left parietal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the boundaries of the internal cranial base?

A
  • ant: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid bones
  • middle: parietal & temporal bones
  • post: squamous of occipital bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  • formed by lesser wings of sphenoid, ethmoid, & bone
  • supports frontal lobes & forms roof of orbits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • formed by greater wings of sphenoid & squamous (lat) & petrous (post) of temporal bones
  • spports temporal lobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • fromed by occipital & temporal bones
  • contains cerebellum, pons, medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the nerves of the cranial fossa?

A
  • olfactory -> ciribriform palate
  • optic -> optic canal
  • oculomotor, abducens & trochlear-> sup orbital fissure
  • trigeminal -> sup orbital fissure & foramen rotundum/ovale
  • vestibulocochlear & facial -> int. acoustic meatus
  • glossopharyngeal, vagus, & accessory -> jugular foramen
  • hypoglossal -> hypoglossal canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the name for the soft spot on an infants skull?

A

fontanelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the name of the area of the skull overlying the middle meningeal artery?

A

pterion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cranial meninges?

A
  • dura mater: tough, thick ext. fibrous layer
  • arachnoid mater: thin intermediate avascular
  • pia mater: delicate int. vascular layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dura mater?

A
  • periosteal: lies closest to calvarium
  • meningeal: lies closest to brain tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What lies in between to the 2 layers of the dura mater?

A

dural venous

22
Q

What is the arterial supply of the dura mater?

A

middle meningeal art & vein

23
Q

What nerve runs through the dura mater?

A

trigeminal

24
Q

What are the 4 folds of the dura mater?

A
  • falx cerebri -> separates cerebral hemis
  • tentorium cerebelli -> separates cerebellum from cerebrum
  • falx cerebelli -> partially separates 2 cerebellar hemis
  • diaphagma sellae -> separates pituitary from base of brain
25
Q

What are the 6 dural sinuses & where do they drain?

A
  • sup sagittal -> drains into confluence sinus
  • inf sagittal -> drains into straight sinus
  • straight -> drains into confluence sinus
  • confluence -> drains into transverse sinus
  • transverse -> drains into sigmoid sinus
  • sigmoid -> drains into int. jugular
26
Q

What are the unpaired venous sinuses?

A
  • sup sagittal
  • inf sagittal
  • straight
  • occipital
  • ant. & post. intercavernous
27
Q

What is the paired venous sinus?

A
  • cavernous sinus= anatomic jewel box
  • allows heat exchange
28
Q

What crosses the cavernous sinus?

A
  • int carotid art
  • carotid plexus
  • CN 3, 4, 6, V-1, & V-2
29
Q

What is the arachnoid mater?

A
  • sits b/w dura & pia
  • no art supply or inn
  • has subarachnoid space -> space b/w dura & pia mater
  • has arachnoid granulations
30
Q

What is the pia mater?

A
  • highly vascularized
  • has perivascular (Virchow Robin) space -> b/w vessel walls & pia mater to regulate fluid movement/drainage & lymphatic system
31
Q

What are the meningeal spaces?

A
  • epidural: b/w roof of skull & sup. surface of dura
  • subdural: b/w meningeal layer of dura & arachnoid mater
32
Q

What connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

corpus callosum

33
Q

What is the forebrain (prosencephalon)?

A
  • largest part of the brain
  • contains cerebrum, thalamus (sense- NOT smell), hypothalamus (hormone), pituitary, olfactory, limbic system (behavior)
34
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  • frontal -> intelligence, problem solving, reading/speaking/language
  • parietal -> sensation, knowing left from right
  • occipital -> vision
  • temporal -> hearing
35
Q

What does the forebrain (prosencephalon) split into?

A
  • telencephalon -> cerebral lobes & basal ganglia
  • diencephalon -> epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus
36
Q

What are the structures of the limbic system?

A
  • hippocampus: memory center; associate memories with various senses
  • amygdala: emotion, feelings, fear, pleasure
37
Q

Damage to what system is the cause of dementia?

A

limbic system

38
Q

What is the midbrain (mesencephalon)?

A
  • most sup.
  • connects brain & spinal
  • art supply: basilar art
  • responsible for eye movement via CN 3
39
Q

What is the hindbrain (rhombencephalon)?

A
  • pons -> regulates breathing, sleep cycles
  • medulla oblongata -> where brain becomes spinal cord
  • cerebellum -> post to pons & medulla
  • cooridinates sensation with muscle movement, balance & posture via CN 5-12
40
Q

What plexus is in the ventricular system?

A

choroid plexus -> formed by epidymal cells lining ventricles & produces CSF

41
Q

What is the ventricular flow in the brain?

A

lat ventricle -> inter. foramen (foramen of monroe) -> 3rd ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> 4th ventricle -> suarachnoid space or central spinal canal

42
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

increased pressure b/c of excess CSF fluid build up in the brain

43
Q

What is the name of the circle where terminal branches of arteries form an anastomotic circle?

A

Circle of Willis

44
Q

What arteries create the Circle of Willis?

A
  • ant. cerebral art. -> terminal branches of int. carotid art
  • int carotid art -> prox to origin of middle cerebral art
  • post. cerebral art. -> end branches of basilar art
  • ant communicating art. -> connects 2 left & right ant cerebral art.
  • post communicating art -> connects ICA to post cerebral art
45
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid system?

A
  • int carotid
  • post. communicating art (PCA): anastomotic “connecting vessel” in the circle of Willis
  • ant. cerebral art: supplies part of cerebrum
46
Q

The interior carotid arteries continue as what artery?

A

middle cerebral art

47
Q

How do the internal carotid arteries enter the brain?

A

via carotid canal

48
Q

How do vertebral arteries enter the cranial cavity?

A

via foramen magnum

49
Q

When the 2 vertebral arteries in the brain converge, what artery does it form?

A

basilar art ->bifuricates into post cerebral art

50
Q

What is the regional blood supply to the cerebrum?

A
  • ant cerebral art: supply anteromedial portion
  • middle cerebral art: supply majority of lat portion of brain
  • post cerebral art: supply both medial & lat parts of post portion
51
Q

What is an ischemic stroke?

A

causes by obstruction of cerebral art

52
Q

What is a hemmorrhagic stroke?

A

caused by ruptured art or berry aneurysm

Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions