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Anatomy > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is in the right upper quadrant of the anterior abdomen?

A
  • liver & galbladder
  • stomach
  • duodenum
  • pancreas
  • right kidney & suprarenal gland
  • right colic
  • ascending + transverse colon
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2
Q

What is in the right lower quadrant of the anterior abdomen?

A
  • cecum
  • ileum
  • vermiform appendix
  • ascending colon
  • right ovary, uterine tube, ureter, spermatic cord
  • uterus bladder
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3
Q

What is in the left upper quadrant of the anterior abdomen?

A
  • liver
  • stomach
  • jejunum + prox. ileum
  • pancreas
  • left kidney + suprarenal gland
  • left colic
  • descending + transverse colon
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4
Q

What is in the left lower quadrant of the anterior abdomen?

A
  • sigmoid colon
  • descending colon
  • left ovary, ureter, spermatic cord
  • uterus
  • urinary bladder
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5
Q

What does the paraumbilical vein drain the abdomen into?

A

portal vein of liver

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6
Q

What is the cause and symptom of Caput Medusae?

A
  • cause -> portal hypertension + blockage of IVC
  • symptom -> swelling of paraumbilical veins
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7
Q

What are the layers of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

skin -> superficial fascia -> deep fascia-> flat muscles -> transversalis fascia -> fat -> peritoneum

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8
Q

What are the layers of the superificial fascia of the anterior abdomen?

A
  • camper’s (fatty layer): superficial
  • scarpa’s (membranous layer): deep
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9
Q

What are the flat muscles of the anterior abdomen?

A
  • external & internal oblique
  • transversus abdominis
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9
Q

What gives the 6 pack appearance?

A

tendinous intersections

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10
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior rectus sheath?

A

rectus abdominis

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11
Q

What are the insertions of the external oblique?

A
  • linea alba
  • pubic tubercle
  • ant. iliac crest
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12
Q

What direction do the external oblique fibers run in?

A

infero-medially

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13
Q

What is the origin of the external oblique?

A

ribs 6-12

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14
Q

What does the external oblique contribute to?

A

inguinal lig. & spermatic fascia

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15
Q

What are the origins of the internal oblique?

A
  • thoracoumbar fascia
  • ant. iliac crest
  • lat. linguinal lig
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16
Q

What are the insertions of the internal oblique?

A
  • linea alba
  • ribs 10-12
  • pubis
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17
Q

What direction do the fibers of the internal oblique run in?

A

supero-medially

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18
Q

What contributes to the cremaster muscle?

A

internal oblique

19
Q

What are the origins of the transversus abdominis?

A
  • ribs 7-12
  • thoracolumbar fascia
  • iliac crest
  • lat. 1/3 inguinal lig
20
Q

What are the actions of the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

A

assist in vomiting, sneezing, & defecation

21
Q

How is the rectus sheath formed?

A

by aponeuroses of ant. abdominal wall muscles

22
Q

What is the main difference between above & below the arcuate line?

A

fibers

23
Q

What is included in the anterior sheath ABOVE the arcuate line?

A

ext. & 1/2 int. oblique

24
Q

What is included in the posterior sheath ABOVE the arcuate line?

A
  • int. oblique
  • transversus abdominis
  • transversalis fascia
  • peritoneum
25
Q

What is included in the anetrior sheath BELOW the arcuate line?

A
  • ext. & int. oblique
  • transversus abdominis
26
Q

What is included in the posterior sheath BELOW the arcuate line?

A
  • transversalis fascia
  • peritoneum
27
Q

Where is the transversalis fascia located?

A

deep to flat muscles

28
Q

What gives rise to the posterior rectus sheath?

A

transversalis fascia

29
Q

What continues as the internal spermatic fascia?

A

transversalis fascia

30
Q

Aneterior abdominal wall layers are dragged down with the testes when they descend into what?

A

scrotum

31
Q

What are the trends with the ant. abdominal muscles in the spermatic cord?

A
  • ext. oblique -> ext. spermatic fascia= outer spermatic cord
  • int. oblique -> cremaster muscle= middle spermatic cord
  • trans. fascia -> int. spermatic fascia= inner spermatic cord
32
Q

What runs from the deep inguinal ring?

A

testis

33
Q

What is contained in the spermatic cord?

A

vas deferens & testicular art. + vein

34
Q

What do the superficial and deep inguinal ring come from?

A
  • super -> ext. oblique aponeurosis
  • deep -> trans. fascia
35
Q

What are the borders of the inguinal canal?

A
  • roof: int. oblqiue + trans. abdominis
  • ant. wall: ext. + int. oblique apon.
  • floor: inguinal + lacunar lig.
  • post. wall: conjoint tendon + trans. fascia
36
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

A
  • ilioinguinal nerve
  • genital branch off genitofemoral nerve
  • spermatic cord (male) or round lig. of uterus (female)
37
Q

What is the origin & insertion of the inguinal ligament?

A
  • origin -> ASIS
  • insertion -> pubic tubercle
38
Q

What does the inguinal ligament contribute to?

A

lacunar lig.

39
Q

What are the 5 peritoneal folds?

A
  • median umbilical (1) -> over remnant of urachus
  • medial umbilical (2) -> over fetak umbilical art.
  • lat umbilical (2) -> over inf. epigastric vessels
40
Q

What is the site of direct hernias?

A

inguinal triangle

41
Q

What are the borders fo the inguinal triangle?

A
  • lat= lat. umbilical
  • medial= med. umbilical
  • base= inguinal lig.
42
Q

Where is a direct hernia?

A

through weak spot on post. wall of inguinal canal

43
Q

Where is an indirect hernia?

A

through deep inguinal ring of inguinal canal

44
Q

What are the characteristics of a direct hernia?

A
  • LESS common
  • LESS prone to strangulation
  • covered by peritoneum
  • originates from inguinal canal
45
Q

What are the characteristics of an indirect hernia?

A
  • MOST common
  • MORE prone to strangulation
  • covered by peritoneum + spermatic cord
  • originates from lat. inf. epigastric vessels
46
Q

Where would direct inguinal hernias typically occur?

A

med. to lat. umbilical lig.

Anatomy (23 decks)

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