Deep Neck Flashcards
What are the characteristics of longus coli in the deep neck?
- location: ant. to cervical vertebrae
- inn: C2-6
- action: flex & rotate neck
What are the prevertebral muscles of the deep neck?
- rectus capitis ant. & lat.
- longus capitis
- longus colli
- ant., middle, & post. scalene muscles
What are the characteristics of longus capitis in the deep neck?
- location: occipital bone
- inn: C1-3
- action: flex the head
What are the characteristics of rectus capitis anterior & lateralis in the deep neck?
- location: occipital bone
- inn: C1-2
- action: flex the head
What are the characteristics of the anterior scalene?
- location: transverse processes -> rib 1
- inn: C4-6
- action: flex head & neck
What are the characteristics of the middle scalene?
- location: post. tubercle -> rib 1
- no inn
- action: flex head & neck; elevate ribs
What are the characteristics of the posterior scalene?
- location: post. tubercle -> rib 2
- no inn
- action: flex head & neck; elevate ribs
What are the boundaries of the scalene triangle?
- ant: ant. scalene
- post: post. scalene
- base: 1st rib
What are the contents of the scalene triangle?
- phrenic nerve
- roots of brachial plexus
- subclavian art
Wha are the arteries of the deep neck?
- vertebral -> supplies medulla + cerebellum + spinal cord
- internal thoracic -> passes inf to thorax
- thyrocervical
What are the 4 branches/arteries of the thyrocervical trunk in the deep neck?
- inf thyroid -> supplies thyroid + esophagus + larynx + trachea + neck muscles + parathyroid glands
- ascending cervical -> lat neck muscles + intervert. foramen
- suprascapular -> shoulder region + SCM
- transverse cervical (dorsal scapular)
What are the 2 laryngeal nerves of the vagus nerve in the parasympathetic innervation of the deep neck?
- right recurrent -> loops inf to right subclavian art @ T1-2
- left recurrent -> loops inf to aortic arch @ T4-5
What sheath does the vagus nerve run through?
carotid
What are the characteristics of the phrenic nerve in the sympathetic innervation of the deep neck?
- starts lat to ant. scalene m. & then descends ant. to ant. scalene
- located between subclavian art. & v.
What are the characteristics of the sympathetic trunk in the sympathetic innervation of the deep neck?
- cervical plexus of nerves
- sup., middle, & inf ganglis
What is the most anterior structure of the viscera?
thyroid gland
What type of material can be found in the foramen cecum in the viscera?
thyroid material
What are the 4 glands of the parathyroid gland?
- right sup & inf glands
- left sup & inf glands
post to thyroid
What is the arterial supply of the viscera of the deep neck?
- sup. thyroid art -> off ext. carotid art.
- inf. thyroid art -> off thyrocervical trunk
What is the venous drainage, innervation, & lymphatics of the viscera of the deep neck?
- venous drainage: thyroid plexus
- inn: cervical ganglia -> vasomotor fibers
- lymphatics: prelaryngeal + pre/para lymph nodes
What is the larynx composed of?
cartilage & muscle
Where does the anterior vocal fold attach to?
laryngeal cartilage
Where does the posterior vocal fold attach to?
laryngeal muscle (arytenoids)
What are the laryngeal muscles & their actions?
- lat cricoarytenoid= adductor -> close vocal cords
- post. cricoarytenoid= abductor -> open vocal folds
- thyroarytenoid= relax vocal cords -> decrease pitch & length
- cricothyroid= tense vocal folds -> increase pitch & length
- oblique arytenoid= approximate vocal folds
- transverse arytenoid= approximate vocal folds
What muscles bring vocal cords together for phonation?
- lat. cricoarytenoids
- transverse arytenoid
- oblique arytenoids
What muscle separates vocal folds?
post. cricoarytenoids
What is the innervation of the larynx?
- sup laryngeal -> innervates cricothyroid
- inf laryngeal -> innervates all laryngeal muscles EXCEPT cricothyroid
CN 10
What is the arterial supply of the larynx?
- ext carotid art. -> sup thyroid -> sup laryngeal & cricothyroid arts
- thyrocervical trunk -> inf thyroid -> inf. laryngeal art
What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?
- nasopharynx -> contains small palate
- oropharynx -> contains uvula, sup + mid pharyngeal constrictor, epiglottis
- laryngopharynx -> contains inf pharyngeal constrictor
What nerve innervates the pharyngeal contrictor muscles?
vagus nerve
What are the proximal & distal attachments of the superior pharyngeal contrictor?
- prox: pterygoid hamulus & pterygomandibular rpahe
- distal: post midline pharyngeal raphe & occipital bone
What are the proximal & distal attachments of the middle pharyngeal contrictor?
- proxi: styloid lig & hyoid bone
- distal: pharyngeal raphe
What are the proximal & distal attachments of the inferior pharyngeal contrictor?
- prox: thyroid cartilage & cricoid cartilage
- distal: pharyngo-esophageal junction
What is a tracheosectomy?
performed between the 2nd & 4th tracheal rings
What is the proximal attachment & innervation of the stylopharyngeus?
- prox: stylodi process
- inn: glossopharyngeal
What is the proximal attachment & innervation of the salpingopharyngeus?
- prox: pharyngotympanis tube
- inn: vagus nerve
What is the proximal attachment & innervation of the palatopharyngeus?
- prox: hard palate
- inn: vagus nerve
