Abdominal Cavity Flashcards
What is the peritoneum?
continuous, glistening, transparent serous membrane
What is the parietal peritoneum?
internal lining of abdominopelvic cavity
What are the 2 types of parietal peritoneum?
- anterolateral: mesothelium, fat, connective tissue
- posterior abdominal wall: mesothelium, connective tissue, muscles
What is the visceral peritoneum?
- invests organs
- forms mesenteries, omenta & ligaments
What is the peritoneal cavity?
space b/w visceral and parietal peritoneum containing serous fluid
The parietal & visceral peritoneums have the same blood supply & innervation as what?
- peritoneum -> the body wall
- visceral -> organs it invests
What do both the parietal & visceral peritoneum consist of?
- mesothelium, simple squamous epithelium
- small amount of underlying connective tissue
What are the contents of the abdominal cavity?
- peritoneum-> parietal & visceral
- abdominal viscera -> digestive organs, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands
What are the 2 spaces/sacs of the peritoneum?
- greater: main & larger part of peritoneal cavity (stomach to transverse colon)
- lesser (omental bursa): smaller part of peritoneal cavity; allows free movement of stomach
How does the lesser sac (omental bursa) communicate with the greater sac?
via omental foramen (aka epiploic formamen & foramen of winslow)
What does the lesser sac connect?
stomach + duodenum -> liver
What is the epiploic (omental) foramen?
- opening b/w 2 sacs
- post. to lesser omentum
What are the 2 ligaments in the lesser sac/omentum?
hepatogastric (stomach to liver) & hepatoduodenal (duodenum to liver)
What are the examples of the intraperitoneal organs?
- spleen
- liver
- stomach
- small intestine except for duodenum
What is the example of an retroperitoneal organ?
kidney
What are the examples of the secondarily retroperitoneal organs?
- ascending & descending colon
- pancreas
- duodenum
What is the arterial supply of the abdominal cavity?
abdominal aorta -> celiac trunk -> left gastric art., splenic art., common hepatic art. -> right gastric
What is the innervation of the abdominal cavity?
- foregut + midgut = sympathetic frrom thoracic splanchnicks
- foregut + midgut = parasympathetic from vagus nerve
What is known as the immune organ?
spleen
Where is the spleen located?
on left side with greater sac (LUQ)
What is the immune function of the spleen?
- filters blood
- open circulation -> blood leaves capillaries; blood cells travel across open space
- blood cells enter spleen -> closed circulation
What are both an endocrine and exocrine organ?
pancreas & liver
What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
secretes enzymes into descending duodenum
What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
secretes hormones into blood
What are the 4 segments of the pancreas?
head, neck, body, tail
What is the main pancreatic duct?
- connects with common bile duct
- forms hepatopancreatic ampulla
- drains bile + pancreatic fluids -> major papilla
What is the ampulla of vater?
- surrounded by sphincter of Oddi
- located in descending duodenum
high yield
What is the accessory of pancreatic duct?
- sup. to main duct
- drains pancreatic fluids -> minor papilla
What is the blood flow of the liver?
- portal vein = 75% (deoxy blood from intestines, spleens, pancreas)
- hepatic art. = 25% (oxy blood to the liver)
What is the exocrine function of the liver?
produces + stores bile in galbladder
What is the endocrine function of the liver?
produces plasma proteins to relase into blood
What is the portal triad of the liver?
- hepatic art.
- portal vein
- bile duct
What suspends the liver from the diaphragm?
coronary ligament
high yield
What is the porta hepatis of the liver?
contains all the vessels going in & out of liver
What is the bay area of the liver?
- site where there is NO peritoneum
- lies directly against diaphragm
What is the triangular ligament of the liver?
continuation of coronary ligament
What divides the liver into left & right lobes?
falciform ligament
What is the ligamentum teres in the liver?
continuation of falciform ligament
What is the function of the galbladder?
concentrates & stores bile
Where does the galbladder secrete bile into?
major papilla
What is the cystic duct in the galbladder?
- contributes to common bile duct
- merges with hepatic duct
What is obstructive jaundice?
- caused by obstruction of common bile duct
- due to gallstones or pancreatic cancer
- result: retention of bile -> pigment stains sclera yellow (eyes)
What is Cirrhosis?
- caused by alcohol toxicity, viral infection, autoimmune disease
- increased production of fibrocollagenous tissue leads to irregular scarring
What are gallstones?
- form in galbladder or biliary tree
- bile duct -> obstructive jaundice
- cystic duct -> cholecystitis
What are the parts of the stomach?
- cardia = connects stomach to esophagus
- fundus= 1st sgement
- body= 2nd segment
- pylorus= 3rd segment
- pyloric sphincter= connects to duodenum
- gastric rugae= int. folding of stomach
