Superficial/Deep Face Flashcards
1
Q
Langer’s Lines
A
Cleavage lines of the face which are important to cut across/preserve for emotional and functional purposes
2
Q
4 Bones of Frontal Skull
A
Frontal - top
Zygomatic - cheek
Nasal
Maxillary - bottom, has upper row of teeth
3
Q
Supraorbital foramen
A
Small foramen in frontal bone above each eye hole
4
Q
Infraorbital foramen
A
Small foramen in maxillary bone under each eye hole
5
Q
Zygomatic Arch (2)
A
Process b/w zygomatic and temporal bones where temporal muscle runs under
6
Q
Condylar Process of Mandible
A
Posterior superior process
7
Q
Coronoid Process of Mandible
A
Anterior superior process
8
Q
Angle of Mandible
A
Posterior inferior angle
9
Q
Mental Foramen (2)
A
Foramen on anterior inferior part of mandible and serves as exit point of mental n.
10
Q
Mandibular foramen (2)
A
Foramen on posterior interior part of mandible where inferior alveolar n. enters
11
Q
Inferior alveolar n.
A
Enters into mandibular foramen and supplies teeth, changes into mental n., and exits mental foramen
12
Q
Mylohyoid Groove
A
Groove on interior surface of mandible heading down from mandibular foramen
13
Q
Mylohyoid lingula
A
Lip extending over mandibular foramen
14
Q
Unique Nature of Facial Expression Muscles
A
Arise from bone and insert into skin
15
Q
Frontalis m.
A
Front half of occipitofrontalis m., covers forehead and allows you to raise eyebrow
16
Q
Corrugator supercilli m.
A
Just above/medial to eyebrow, allows corrugation of eyebrow
17
Q
Orbicularis oculi m.
A
Thick muscle encircling eye and onto eyelid, allows shutting very tightly
18
Q
3 Facial Expressions Muscles/Eye
A
Frontalis m.
Corrugator supercilli
Orbicularis oculi
19
Q
4 Facial Expression Muscles/Nose
A
Procerus m.
Nasalis
Dilator nares
Depressor septi
20
Q
Procerus m.
A
Runs from frontalis down on front of nose, allows crinkling of nose
21
Q
Nasalis m.
A
Runs across the nose and off both sides laterally
22
Q
Dilator nares m.
A
Runs down both sides of nose/nostrils, allows flaring of nostrils
23
Q
Depressor septi m.
A
Runs down from septum of nose towards lips and pulls it down
24
Q
Orbicularis orbis m.
A
Circular muscle around mouth, allows pursing lips
25
Levator labii superioris m.
Comes down from either side of nose and levates upper lip
26
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m.
Flares nose and lifts upper lip
27
Zygomaticus major and minor m.s
Come from zygote angled towards mouth, allow smiling. Major larger/more lateral
28
Levator anguli oris m. (caninus)
Deep and b/w zygomaticus minor and levator labii superioris, levates angle of mouth (like showing canine teeth)
29
Risorius m.
Comes off edge of mouth and pulls directly laterally on lips
30
Buccinator m.
Larger muscle below risorius m. that allows puffing cheeks out
31
Depressor anguli oris m. (triangularis)
Triangular muscle coming down from edge of mouth to pull it down
32
Depressor labii inferioris m. (quadratus)
Rectangular muscle medial to depressor anguli oris m. coming down from lower lip to depress it
33
Mentalis m.
Comes down from lower lip right in midline
34
10/11 Muscles of Mouth Facial Expression
```
Orbicularis orbis
Levator labii superioris
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Zygomaticus maj/min
Levator anguli oris
Risorius
Buccinator
Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Mentalis
```
35
3 Muscles Also Innervated by Facial Nerve but not regularly used for facial expression
Ear muscles
| Auricularis ant., sup., and post. m.s
36
Largest Muscle of Facial Expression
Platysma m.
37
Muscles of Mastication Innervation
Trigeminal n. (V)
38
4 Muscles of Mastication
Masseter m.
Temporalis m.
Lateral and medial pterygoid m.s
39
Mastication Motion
Rotatory motion of lateral + up and down
40
Masseter muscle
Under cheek, inserts at inf./post. mandible to allow closing of jaw
41
Temporalis m.
Derived from coronoid process and extends onto whole skull, very large/strong muscle for jaw closure
42
Medial pterygoid m. (+ additional point)
Arises from medial part of pterygoid plate and inserts at same place as masseter muscle, creating a strong sling. Pulls jaw medial and forward
43
Lateral pterygoid m.
One head arises from sphenoid and one arises from lateral part of pterygoid plate and they insert into capsule of temporomandibular joint. Helps move jaw side to side
44
2 Things to Help Open Jaw
Gravity
| Infrahyoid m.s
45
Posterior Auricular Branch of Facial N. (VII) (4)
Comes off just as VII exits stylomastoid foramen and innervates posterior digastric m., stylohyoid m., and auricular m.s
46
5 Terminal Branches of Facial n. (VII) (+ division location)
```
Inside parotid gland
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
```
47
Sensory Component of Facial n. (VII)
Taste from ant. 2/3 of tongue via lingual n. and chorda tympani
48
Facial n. (VII) Autonomic Component (path and 3 targets)
Preganglionic parasympathetics from superior salivatory nucleus to pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion
Drives non-parotid salivary glands (submandibular/lingual), nasal glands, and lacrimal glands (tears)
49
Cutaneous Innervation of Face (source + 3 divisions)
```
Trigeminal n. (V) 3 divisions
Ophthalmic division (V1) - Top of head/forehead/top of nose
Maxillary division (V2) - lateral part of face, under nose, extends up a little
Mandibular division (V3) - over mandible, extends up side of scalp too
```
50
Side of Neck Cutaneous Innervation
Great auricular n.
51
5 Cut Branches off Ophthalmic (V1) (and paths)
Supraorbital n. - highest
Supratrochlear n. - more medially, at eye/nose angle
Lacrimal n. - laterally, supplies lateral region of eyelid
Infratrochlear n. - around supratrochlear but goes opposite direction a little down nose
External nasal n. - goes to tip of nose
52
3 Cut Branches off Maxillary (V2) (and paths)
Zygomaticotemporal n. - from zyogomatic towards temporal region
Zygomaticofacial n. - from zygomatic arch to facial region
Infraorbital - main large branch, comes out from underneath eye and over lip
53
3 Cut Branches off Mandibular (V3) (and paths)
Auriculotemporal n. - runs w superficial temporal a./v. up side of head just ant. to ear
Buccal n. - out of cheek
Mental n. - comes out of mental foramen on mandible
54
3 Pterygopalatine Branches of Maxillary Division of Trigeminal n. (V2) (and location of split) (and path of n.s)
Come off just after V2 passes through foramen rotundum
Zygomatic n. going up
Pterygoid n.s (pterygopalatine n.s) hanging down
Posterior superior alveolar n. traveling down which will give off branches to teeth
55
3 Branches of Zygomatic N.
Zygomaticotemporal n.
Zygomaticofacial n.
Communicating branch to lacrimal n.
56
Infraorbital components of Maxillary Division of Trigeminal n. (V2) (3)
Gives off Infraorbital branches - middle superior alveolar n. and ant. sup. alveolar n. - and turns into infraorbital n.
57
6.1 Muscular Branches of Mandibular Division of Trigeminal n. (V3)
Temporalis, masseteric, and pterygoid branches
Tensory tympani and tensor veli palatini branches
Mylohyoid nerve (also to ant. digastric)
58
5 Sensory Branches off Mandibular Div/Trigeminal n. (V3)
```
Auricotemporal n.
Buccal n.
Lingual n.
Inferior alveolar n.
Mental n.
```
59
Auricotemporal n. path
Comes down off V3 and circles around middle meningeal a. and then heads up
60
Lingual n. (2)
Large n. that comes down from V3 and supplies sensation to tongue (NOT taste). Also contains autonomics/sensory (taste fibers) from CN VII that hitchhike on it
61
Innervation Pathway of Submandibular/Sublingual Glands (5)
```
Superior salivatory nucleus
Facial n. (VII) - (innervation considered an action of this n.)
Chorda tympani n.
Lingual n. (V3)
Submandibular ganglion - gland
```
62
Innervation of Parotid Gland (7)
```
Inferior salivatory nuc
Glossopharyngeal n. (XI) - (considered an action of this n.)
Tympanic branch of IX
Tympanic plexus within middle ear
Lesser petrosal n.
Otic Ganglion
Auricotemporal n. to gland
```
63
5 Branches off Facial a. (in order)
```
Submental a.
Inf. labial a. and sup. labial a.
Two terminal branches:
Lateral nasal a.
Angular a. (to angle of eye/nose)
```
64
Notable Feature of Facial A.
As it crosses above mandible, has spiralling to allow opening/closing w/out ripping artery
65
3 Portions of Maxillary A.
1st - before lateral pterygoid m.
2nd - either in front of/behind
3rd - after lateral pterygoid m.
66
2 Arteries of 1st Part of Maxillary A.
Middle meningeal a.
| Inferior alveolar a.
67
Two branches of Inf. Alveolar A.
Mylohyoid a.
| Mental a.
68
Path of Middle Meningeal A.
Off 1st part of maxillary a., encircled by auricotemporal n. then through foramen spinosum
69
4 Branches of 2nd Part of Maxillary A.
Muscular branches - Masseteric a., deep temporal a.s, pterygoid a.s
Buccal a.
70
4 Terminal Branches of 3rd Part of Maxillary A. (& paths)
Post. sup. alveolar a. - parallel n.
Infraorbital a. - parallel n.
Sphenopalatine a. - to nasal cavity
Descending palatine a. - heading down to hard/soft palate
71
4 Veins of Face
Superficial temporal v.
Pterygoid plexus
Retromandibular v.
Facial v.
72
Parotid Gland Duct
Enters vestibule of mouth at superior 2nd molar
73
2 Minor Clinical Considerations of Parotid Gland
Mumps - inflammation of parotid gland
| Calculus - stone in gland
74
Facial n. Paralysis (cause/3 symptoms)
injury/inflammation of parotid gland can cause it to compress facial n. (VII) so 1/2 of face won't work and eye will dry out and drool
75
Bell's Palsy (3)
Facial n. palsy - somehow going to sleep w/ open window? Can cause all sorts of facial n. symptoms depending on where lesion or problem is
76
Horner's Syndrome
Lesion of upper cervical sympathetic chain
77
Trigeminal Neuralgia (tic doulourex)
Increase in sensitivity of trigeminal n. - increased sensitivity on face. Mainly happens w/ Maxillary n.
