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Anatomy > Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Forearm and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Proximal Row of Carpal Bones (lat-med)

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

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2
Q

Distal Row of Carpal Bones (lat-med)

A

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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3
Q

3 Parts of Metacarpal

A

Base, body, head

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4
Q

3 Phalanges

A

Proximal, middle, distal

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5
Q

Extensor Retinaculum (2)

A

Transverse ligament on posterior surface of wrist that holds tendons down
Has 6 tendon compartments w/ synovial sheaths

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6
Q

Transverse carpal ligament

A

Ligament on anterior surface of wrist that forms the carpal tunnel that tendons + median nerve run through

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7
Q

3 Phalangeal Joints

A

Metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal

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8
Q

4 Muscles of the Superficial Group of Flexor Forearm (lat-med)

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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9
Q

Origin of Superficial Flexor Forearm Muscles

A

Common tendon at the medial epicondyle

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10
Q

Palmar Aponeurosis

A

Thickening on palm

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11
Q

Middle Group Muscle of Flexor Forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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12
Q

3 Muscles of Deep Group of Flexor Forearm (lat-med)

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus muscles

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13
Q

Origin of Deep Group of Flexor Forearm (2)

A

Ulna and interosseus membrane

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14
Q

Innervation of Flexors of the Forearm (3)

A

By the median n.
Exceptions: flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)
Superficial and middle group innervated directly by median n., deep by anterior interosseous branch of median n.

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15
Q

5 Branchings of Radial Artery

A 
Radial recurrent artery
Muscular branch - superficial extensors
Palmar carpal branch
Superficial palmar branch
Deep palmar arch
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16
Q

Radial Pulse

A

Can feel pulse from radial a. as it dives deep on lateral side to go to deep palmar arch

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17
Q

Common interosseous artery

A

Comes off ulnar a., splits around interosseous membrane to form anterior and posterior interosseous arteries. Supplies deep part of flexor and all of extensor region (via posterior interosseous)

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18
Q

6 Branchings of Ulnar Artery

A 
Ulnar recurrent arteries (ant. and post.)
Common interosseous a.
Muscular Branches - superficial flexors
Dorsal and Palmar Carpal Branches
Superficial Palmar Arch
Deep Palmar Arch
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19
Q

Posterior Interosseous Artery (3)

A

Comes off common interosseous artery, supplies deep extensors, and gives off interosseous recurrent artery

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20
Q

Anterior Interosseous Artery (3)

A

Comes off common interosseous artery, has post. and ant. branch, and supplies deep flexors

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21
Q

Median Artery

A

Anomalous a. that sometimes comes off brachial or radial a. and follows median nerve down

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22
Q

6 Muscles of Superficial Group of Extensor Forearm (lat-med)

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
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23
Q

Origin of Superficial Group of Extensor Forearm

A

Common tendon at lateral epicondyle

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24
Q

5 Muscles of Deep Group of Extensor Forearm (lat-med)

A

Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor indicis muscles

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25
Q

3 Structures of the Phalangeal Insertions (& descriptions)

A

Extensor expansion - tendons going into the phallanges
Extensor hood - sheath covering these tendons
Intertendinous connections - connections between tendons of adjacent digits that impede individual movement

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26
Q

Innervation of Extensor Forearm (4)

A

Radial nerve innervates all extensor forearm muscles
Superficial nerve - cutaneous
Deep nerve - muscular
Posterior interosseous nerve - muscular

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27
Q

Radial Artery Supplies and Branches in Hand (4)

A

Superficial extensor muscles
Dorsal carpal artery
1st dorsal metacarpal artery
Deep palmer arch

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28
Q

Radial Artery Activities in Hand (3)

A

Gives off dorsal carpal arch that gives off dorsal metacarpal arteries (supplying digits) and dives through to form deep palmar arch

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29
Q

3 Thenar Compartment Muscles

A

Lateral: abductor pollicis brevis
Medial: flexor pollicis brevis
Deep: Opponens pollicis

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30
Q

Innervation of Thenar Compartment Muscles

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

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31
Q

5 Items of the Central Compartment

A 
Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis/Profundus
Vincula longa and brevia
Lumbrical muscles
Adductor pollicis muscle
Interosseous muscle
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32
Q

Palmar interosseous muscles

A

Unipenate adductors on 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits

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33
Q

Dorsal interosseous muscles

A

Bipenate abductors for 2nd, 3rd (2), and 4th digits

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34
Q

3 Muscles of Hypothenar Compartment

A

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi

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35
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of Hand - Median Nerve (3)

A

Radial half of palm to radial side of 4th digit
Overlaps digits to nailbeds on dorsal hand
Palmar cutaneous branch innervates thenar eminence

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36
Q

4 Muscular Innervations of Median Nerve in Hand

A

Lateral lumbrical muscles

Thenar muscles - opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis

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37
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of Hand - Ulnar Nerve - (2)

A

All of 5th digit and medial half of 4th digit

On both palmar and dorsal hand

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38
Q

6 Muscular Innervations of Ulnar Nerve in Hand

A

Medial lumbrical muscles
Hypothenar muscles - abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi
Adductor pollicis muscle
7 Interosseous Muscles

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39
Q

Ulnar Artery Blood Supply to the Hand (5)

A

Has palmar and dorsal carpal branches. and a deep palmar branch. The rest mainly forms the superficial palmar arch, which gives rise to the common palmar digital arteries going to the digits which split into the proper palmar digital arteries lining the digits

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40
Q

Radial Artery Blood Supply to the Hand (6)

A

Has a palmar carpal branch, and a superficial palmar branch that anastomoses with superficial palmar arch from the ulnar artery. Mainly forms the deep palmar arch which gives rise to the palmar metacarpal arteries. Also has two specialized branches: princeps pollicis artery and radialis indicis artery.

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41
Q

Pronator teres nerve

A

Median

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42
Q

Pronator teres origin

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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43
Q

Pronator teres insertion

A

Lateral surface of radius

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44
Q

Pronator teres action

A

Pronates forearm

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45
Q

Pronator quadratus nerve

A

Median - anterior interosseous nerve

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46
Q

Pronator quadratus origin

A

Medial, anterior, distal ulna

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47
Q

Pronator quadratus insertion

A

Lateral, anterior, distal radius

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48
Q

Pronator quadratus action

A

Primary pronator of forearm

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49
Q

Flexor carpi radialis nerve

A

Median

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50
Q

Flexor carpi radialis origin

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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51
Q

Flexor carpi radialis insertion

A

Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

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52
Q

Flexor carpi radialis action

A

Flexes wrist and abducts hand

53
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris nerve

54
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris origin (2)

A

Humeral head - medial epicondyle

Ulnar head - olecranon process and proximal posterior ulna

55
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris insertion (3)

A

Pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal

56
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris action

A

Flexes wrist and adducts hand

57
Q

Palmaris longus nerve

58
Q

Palmaris longus origin

A

Medial epicondyle

59
Q

Palmaris longus insertion

A

Flexor retinaculum/palmar aponeurosis

60
Q

Palmaris longus actions

A

Tenses palmar fascia

61
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis nerve

62
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis origin (2)

A

Humeral head: medial epicondyle and medial margin of coronoid process

63
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis insertion

A

4 tendons - 2 slips each which enter into sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5

64
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis action

A

Flexes wrist and middle phalanges

65
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus nerves

A

Ulnar and Median

66
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus origin

A

Anterior, medial, proximal ulna and interosseous membrane

67
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus insertion

A

Four tendons into anterior surface of digits 2-5

68
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus actions

A

Flexes distal phalangeal joints and assists in wrist flexion

69
Q

Flexor pollicis longus nerve

70
Q

Flexor pollicis longus origin (2)

A

Anterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane

71
Q

Flexor pollicis longus insertion

A

Palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb

72
Q

Flexor pollicis longus action

A

Flexes thumb

73
Q

Supinator nerve

74
Q

Supinator origin

A

Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and annular ligaments

75
Q

Supinator insertion

A

Lateral upper radius

76
Q

Supinator action

A

Supinates forearm

77
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus nerve

78
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus origin

A

Lateral epicondyle

79
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus insertion

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal

80
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus action (2)

A

Extends wrist and abducts hand

81
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis nerve

82
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis origin

A

Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament

83
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion

A

Base of 3rd metacarpal

84
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis action (2)

A

Extends wrist and abducts hand

85
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris nerve

86
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris origin

A

Lateral epicondyle and posterior sulface of the ulna

87
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

Base of 5th metacarpal

88
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris action (2)

A

Extends wrist and adducts hand

89
Q

Extensor digitorum nerve

90
Q

Extensor digitorum origin

A

Lateral epicondyle

91
Q

Extensor digitorum insertion

A

Extensor expansions of digits 2-5

92
Q

Extensor digitorum actions

A

Extends fingers and hands

93
Q

Extensor indicis nerve

94
Q

Extensor indicis origin

A

Post. surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

95
Q

Extensor indicis insertion

A

Extensor expansion of index finger

96
Q

Extensor indicis action

A

Extends middle finger at metacarpophalangeal joint

97
Q

Extensor digiti minimi nerve

98
Q

Extensor digiti minimi origin

A

Lateral epicondyle

99
Q

Extensor digiti minimi insertion

A

Extensor expansion of small finger

100
Q

Extensor digiti minimi action

A

Extends small finger

101
Q

Abductor pollicis longus nerve

102
Q

Abductor pollicis longus origin (2)

A

Interosseous membrane, middle post. surfaces of radius and ulna

103
Q

Abductor pollicis longus insertion

A

Base of 1st metacarpal

104
Q

Abductor pollicis longus action

A

Abducts thumb

105
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis nerve

106
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis origin (2)

A

Post. interosseous membrane and middle radius

107
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis insertion

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

108
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis action

A

Extends proximal phalanx of thumb

109
Q

Extensor pollicis longus nerve

110
Q

Extensor pollicis longus origin (2)

A

Post. interosseous membrane and middle ulna

111
Q

Extensor pollicis longus insertion

A

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

112
Q

Extensor pollicis longus action

A

Extends distal phalanx of thumb

113
Q

Brachioradialis nerve

114
Q

Brachioradialis origin

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge

115
Q

Brachioradialis insertion

A

Styloid process of radius

116
Q

Brachioradialis action

A

Flexes forearm

117
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis nerve

A

Recurrent branch of median

118
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis origin

A

Tubercle of trapezium and scaphoid

119
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis insertion

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

120
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis action

A

Abducts and assists opposition of thumb

121
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis nerve

A

Recurrent branch of the median

122
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis origin

A

Flexor retinaculum and trapezium

123
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis insertion

A

Radial side of base of proximal phalanx

124
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis action

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb

125
Q

Opponens pollicis nerve

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve

126
Q

Opponens pollicis origin

A

Flexor retinaculum and trapezium

127
Q

Opponens pollicis insertion

A

Anterior radial 1st metacarpal

128
Q

Opponens pollicis action

A

Opposes thumb

129
Q

Abductor digiti minimi nerve

Anatomy (28 decks)

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