Pharynx

Question 1

Unique Nature of Pharynx

Answer 1

Transports fluid, solid, and air

Question 2

Inferior border of pharynx

Answer 2

C6 - start of esophagus

Question 3

4 Muscles of Pharynx Visible Posteriorly

Answer 3

Sup. constrictor m.
Middle constricor m.
Inf. constrictor
Stylopharyngeus

Question 4

3 Constrictor M.s Relation

Answer 4

Overlap each other, w/ inferior overlapping middle and mid overlapping sup

Question 5

Hyoid Bone (2)

Answer 5

Sticks out posterolaterally and acts as anchorage for middle constrictor

Question 6

Stylopharyngeus m.

Answer 6

Comes down into pharynx b/w middle and sup constrictors

Question 7

Overall Innervation of Pharynx (source and 3 types)

Answer 7

Pharyngeal plexus - skeletal motor, cutaneous sensory from mucosal lining, and postganglionic symps going to blood vessels

Question 8

Motor Innervation of Pharynx (2)

Answer 8

Pharyngeal branches of vagus n. (X)

Except stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal n. (IX)

Question 9

Sensory Innervation of Pharynx (3)

Answer 9

Pharyngeal branches of Glossopharyngeal n. (IX)

Except auditory tube region innervated by trigeminal n. (V) and lower pharynx by vagus n. (X)

Question 10

Gag Reflex Nerve

Answer 10

Glossopharyngeal n. (IX) senses and Vagus (X) does motor - IX-X reflex arc

Question 11

Blood Supply of Pharynx (3)

Answer 11

Ascending pharyngeal a. off ext. carotid
Facial a.
Maxillary a.

Question 12

3 Regions of Pharynx

Answer 12

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 13

Choana

Answer 13

Opening at end of turbinates which marks beginning of nasopharynx from nasal cavity

Question 14

Pharyngeal (adenoid) Tonsil

Answer 14

Tonsil at very posterior/superior corner of nasopharynx

Question 15

Sleep Apnea

Answer 15

Caused by enlargement of pharyngeal tonsils

Question 16

Torus Tubarius

Answer 16

Projection of auditory tube on nasopharynx wall

Question 17

Ostium of Auditory Tube

Answer 17

Opening for auditory tube just deep torus tubarius

Question 18

Salpingopharyngeal Fold

Answer 18

Comes down from back of torus tubarius and runs down pharynx, covering salpingopharyngeus m.

Question 19

Torus levatorus

Answer 19

Below ostium of auditory tube, impression of levator palatini m.

Question 20

Isthmus of Fauces

Answer 20

Big circular opening b/w oral cavity and oropharynx

Question 21

2 Lateral Folds of Isthmus of Fauces

Answer 21

Palatopharyngeal folds from palate to pharynx

Palatoglossal folds from palate to tongue

Question 22

Palatine Tonsils Location

Answer 22

B/w palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal folds

Question 23

Lingual Tonsil Location

Answer 23

Base of tongue

Question 24

Epiglottis

Answer 24

Cartilaginous structure that ascends in pharynx

Question 25

Aryepiglottic folds

Answer 25

folds coming down from either side of epiglottis forming entrance of larynx

Question 26

Cricopharyngeal portion of inferior constrictor muscle

Answer 26

Sphincter-like portion of muscle to constrict food going into esophagus

Question 27

Piriform recesses

Answer 27

Recesses formed above cricopharyngeal portion of inf constricto m. and around larynx where things could get stuck

Question 28

2 Structural Components of Hard Palate

Answer 28

Palatine process of maxilla | Horizontal Process of palatine bones

Question 29

Innervation of Hard Palate (Type and 2)

Answer 29

All sensory Anterior: Nasopalatine n. (V2) Posterior: Greater palatine n. (V2)

Question 30

Blood Supply of Hard Palate (2)

Answer 30

Ant: Sphenopalatine a. Post: Greater palatine a.

Question 31

5 Muscles in Musculomembranous Sheet of Soft Palate

Answer 31

``` Levator veli palatini Tensor veli palatini Musculus uvulae Palatopharyngeus Palatoglossus ```

Question 32

Main Muscles for Lifting Soft Palate (2)

Answer 32

Lateral: Tensor veli palatini m. to tense soft palate/make it firm for lifting Angled superior: Levator veli palatini m. to lift it

Question 33

Musculus uvalae m.

Answer 33

Central soft palate one hanging down towards uvulua

Question 34

Innervation of Soft Palate Muscles (2)

Answer 34

Vagus n. (X) except tensor veli palatini which is by V3

Question 35

8 Muscles Innervated by V3 (and why)

Answer 35

Masseter, medial/lateral pterygoid, temporalis, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyeloid and anterior belly of digastric All came from first pharyngeal arch

Question 36

Sensory Innervation of Soft Palate (2)

Answer 36

Lesser palatine n. (V2) | Glossopharyngeal n. (IX)

Question 37

Blood Supply to Soft Palate (2)

Answer 37

Lesser palatine a. | Ascending palatine a. from facial a.

Question 38

Pterygomandibular raphe (3)

Answer 38

Lateral structure that prevents jaw from opening too wide where buccinator m. and superior constrictor m. come off (anteriorly and posteriorly, respectively)

Question 39

Glossopharyngeal n. (IX) motor innervation

Answer 39

Stylopharyngeus m. only

Question 40

Glossopharyngeal n. (IX) Sensory Innervation (4.2)

Answer 40

Pharyngeal plexus - mucous membrane Posterior 1/3 of tongue - general sensation/taste Middle ear/auditory tube - general sensation Carotid n. - carotid sinus for blood pressure and carotid body for blood CO2

Question 41

Glossopharyngeal n. (IX) Autonomic Innervation

Answer 41

Parotid gland parasympathetics

Question 42

Frye's Syndrome (cause and effect)

Answer 42

From laceration on lateral side of face - cuts auriculotemporal n. and postganglionic fibers go into skin instead of parotid gland so a person will sweat on side of face instead of salivating upon neural trigger

Question 43

Waldeyer's Ring (4 components and purpose)

Answer 43

Pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, and lingual tonsils to sample any antigens coming in

Question 44

Adenoids

Answer 44

Enlarged pharyngeal/tubal tonsils

Question 45

Clinical Consideration of Blood Supply to Pharyngeal Region

Answer 45

LOTS of different vessels so lots of bleeding can occur w/ problems there

Question 46

Mechanism of Deglutition

Answer 46

Raise entire larynx up and epiglottis down so bolus passes by larynx