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anatomy > Axilla, Arm, and Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Axilla, Arm, and Cubital Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Brachialis Innervation

A

Musculocutaneous nn.

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2
Q

Brachialis Origin

A

Distal anterior surface of humerus

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3
Q

Brachialis Insertion

A

Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

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4
Q

Brachialis Action

A

Main flexor of forearm

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5
Q

Biceps brachii Innervation

A

Musculocutaneous nn.

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6
Q

Biceps Brachii Origin (2)

A

Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle

Short head: Coracoid process

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7
Q

Biceps Brachii Insertion

A

Radial tuberosity of radius

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8
Q

Biceps brachii Action (2)

A

Flexes forearm and supination of radioulnar joints

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9
Q

Coracobrachialis Innervation

A

Musculocutaneous nn.

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10
Q

Coracobrachialis Origin

A

Tip of coracoid process

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11
Q

Coracobrachialis Insertion

A

Medial surface of humerus

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12
Q

Coracobrachialis Action (2)

A

Assists in flexion and adduction of the humerus

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13
Q

Triceps Innervation

A

Radial nn.

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14
Q

Triceps Origin (3)

A

Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: Superior to radial groove of humerus
Medial head: Inferior to radial groove

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15
Q

Triceps Insertion

A

Olecranon process of ulna

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16
Q

Triceps Action

A

Extends forearm

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17
Q

6 Boundaries of Pyramidal Structure

A 
Med: Serratus anterior
Anterior: Pec major and minor
Post: Subscapularis, Teres major, and lat. dorsi
Lat: Humerus, coracobrachialis
Base: Axillary faschia, skin
Apex: Cervicoaxillary canal
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18
Q

3 Cervicoaxillary Canal Borders

A

Med: 1st rib
Ant: Clavicle and subclavius muscle
Post: Superior border of scapula

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19
Q

3 Parts of Axillary Artery

A

1st part: medial (proximal) to pec minor
2nd part: deep to muscle
3rd part: Lateral (distal) to muscle

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20
Q

Branch of 1st Part of Axillary Artery

A

Supreme Thoracic Artery

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21
Q

Supreme Thoracic Artery

A

Travels from axillary a. inferiorly and medially and basically supplies upper 2 rib spaces

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22
Q

Branches of 2nd Part of Axillary Artery

A

Thoracoacromial artery and Lateral thoracic artery

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23
Q

Thoracoacromial artery

A

Travels from axillary a. and Has 4 branches that go pectoral, acromial, deltoid, and clavicular

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24
Q

Lateral thoracic artery

A

Travels from axillary a. down with long thoracic nerve

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25
Q

Branches on 3rd Part of Axillary Artery

A

Subscapular artery, anterior humeral circumflex artery, and posterior humeral circumflex artery

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26
Q

Axillary Vein (2)

A

Same description/naming as axillary artery, but can be multiple small ones traveling around a. known as venae comitantes

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27
Q

Tributaries of Axillary Vein

A

Same as axillary a. branches, + paired brachial veins

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28
Q

Roots of Brachial Plexus

A

5 Anterior Primary Rami (C5-T1)

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29
Q

Order of brachial plexus shit

A

Roots-Trunks-Divisions-Cords-Branches

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30
Q

3 Trunks of Brachial Plexus

A

Superior (C5 and C6), Middle (C7), and Inferior (C8 and T1)

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31
Q

Trunk-Division-Cord Progression (4)

A

Each trunk divides into ant. and post. division
All posterior divisions become posterior cord
Anterior superior division and anterior middle divisions become lateral cord
Anterior inferior division becomes medial cord

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32
Q

Posterior Cord Termination (2)

A

Axillary Nerve (sup/lat) and Radial Nerve (post/med)

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33
Q

Posterior Cord Branches (Prox-Distal)

A

Upper subscapular nerve, Thoracodorsal nerve, Lower subscapular nerve

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34
Q

Upper Subscapular Nerve (Cord, Source, Target)

A

Posterior cord, C5/C6, subscapularis muscle

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35
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve (Cord, Source, Target)

A

Posterior cord, C6-8, latissimus dorsi

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36
Q

Lower Subscapular Nerve (Cord, Source, Targets)

A

Posterior cord, C5/C6, subscapularis and teres major

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37
Q

Lateral Cord Termination (2)

A

Musculocutaneous nerve and lateral head of the median nerve

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38
Q

Lateral Cord Branch

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

39
Q

Lateral Pectoral Nerve (Cord, Source, Target)

A

Lateral cord, C5-C7, pectoralis major

40
Q

Medial Cord Termination (2)

A

Ulnar nerve and medial head of median nerve

41
Q

Medial Cord Branches (Prox-Distal)

A

Medial pectoral nerve, medial brachial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

42
Q

Medial Pectoral Nerve (Cord, Source, Targets)

A

Medial cord, C8/T1, pectoralis major and minor

43
Q

Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve (Cord, Source, Target)

A

Medial cord, C8/T1, skin on arm

44
Q

Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (Cord, Source, Target)

A

Medial cord, C8/T1, skin on forearm

45
Q

4 Specialized Branches of the Brachial Plexus (and their sources) Prox-Distal

A

Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-7)
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
Nerve to Subclavius Muscle (C5, C6)
Suprascapular Nerve (C5, C6)

46
Q

5 Groups of Axillary Lymph Nodes

A

Apical, Central, Lateral, Subscapular, Pectoral

47
Q

Apical Nodes (location, drainage, source)

A

Located near apex
Give rise to subclavian lymphatic trunk
All other axillary nodes drain into them

48
Q

Central Nodes (location, drainage, source)

A

Along axillary vein beneath pectoralis minor
Drain to apical nodes
Receive lymph from other axillary nodes

49
Q

Lateral Nodes (location, drainage, source)

A

Along lateral portion of axillary vein
Pass lymph to central and apical nodes
Drain arm, forearm, and hands

50
Q

Subscapular Nodes (location, drainage, source)

A

Located on costal surface of subscapularis muscle
Pass lymph to central and apical nodes
Drain shoulder

51
Q

Pectoral Nodes (location, drainage, source, and notable consideration)

A

Along lateral thoracic vein b/w pectorals
Pass lymph to central and apical nodes
Drain pectoral region and breast
Sentinel nodes for breast that are initially checked for metastases

52
Q

Two Kinds of Axilla Paralysis

A

Erb-Duchenne Paralysis

Klumpke’s Paralysis

53
Q

Erb-Duchenne Paralysis (2)

A

Upper trunk injuries (C5, C6) like falling on neck or pulling baby’s head
Shoulder/arm involvement - waiter’s tip

54
Q

Klumpke’s Paralysis (2)

A

Lower trunk injuries (C8, T1) like traumatic pulling of arm

Hand involvement

55
Q

Epicondyles (medial and lateral)

A

Little protrusions on each respective side at end of humerus

56
Q

Supracondylar Ridges (medial and lateral)

A

Small ridges rising up humerus from respective epicondyles

57
Q

Trochlea

A

Hourglass-shaped protrusion at medial anterior terminus of humerus which interacts with coronoid process of ulna

58
Q

Coronoid Fossa

A

Depression above trochlea and adjacent to medial epicondryle

59
Q

Capitulum

A

Bulbous protrusion at lateral anterior terminus of humerus which interacts with head of radius

60
Q

Radial fossa

A

Depression above capitulum and adjacent to lateral epicondryle

61
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

Deep triangular depression on posterior terminus of humerus which receives the olecranon

62
Q

Groove for radial nerve

A

Travels superior/posterior to inferior/anterior down humerus, creating possibility of radial nerve damage upon humerus fracture

63
Q

Trochlear Notch

A

Large depression at proximal terminus of ulna formed by olecranon and coronoid process to interact with trochlea

64
Q

Coronoid Process

A

Process at anterior side trochlear notch on ulna that interacts with trochlea

65
Q

Ulnar Tuberosity

A

Bump on ulna a little below coronoid process

66
Q

3 Margins of Ulna

A

Anterior, posterior, interosseus

67
Q

Styloid Process of Ulna

A

Protrusion on distal medial side of ulna

68
Q

Head of Radius

A

Circular ring at proximal end of radius

69
Q

Neck of Radius

A

Area between head and tuberosity of radius

70
Q

Radial tuberosity

A

Bump on medial side of radius, below the head and neck

71
Q

3 Margins of Radius

A

Anterior, posterior, interosseus

72
Q

Ulnar Notch

A

Depression medial side of distal terminus of radius that interacts with ulna

73
Q

Dorsal Tubercle

A

Largest, middle ridge on dorsal surface of distal radius

74
Q

Styloid Process of Radius

A

Protrusion on distal lateral side of radius

75
Q

6 Components of Elbow Joint

A 
Double hinge (ginglymus)
One articular capsule
Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments along sides
Annular ligament along bottom
Proximal radioulnar joint
Interosseus membrane
76
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of Arm (3)

A

Mid/lower shoulder - sup. and inf. lateral brachial cutaneous nerves
Lateral/posterior bicep area - Posterior brachial cutaneous nerve
Tricep area - medial brachial cutaneous nerve

77
Q

Cutaneous Innervation of Forearm (3)

A

Medial side - Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Lateral side - Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Middle posterior region - Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve

78
Q

Medial (ante)brachial cutaneous nerve source

A

Medial cord

79
Q

Posterior (ante)brachial cutaneous nerve source

A

Radial nerve

80
Q

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve source

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

81
Q

Superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve source

A

Axillary nerve

82
Q

Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve source

A

Radial nerve

83
Q

Cephalic Vein

A

Runs along superficial lateral arm, through cubital fossa, and empties into 1st (medial) part of axillary vein

84
Q

Basilic Vein

A

Runs medially up arm, through cubital fossa until meets with brachial veins to form axillary vein

85
Q

Median cubital vein

A

Links cephalic vein and basilic vein to make up inferior border of cubital fossa

86
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of Upper Extremity (2)

A

Follows both superificial and deep venous drainage w/ nodes interspersed
Drains into axillary lymph nodes

87
Q

3 Muscles of Anterior (Flexor) Compartment of Arm (and the joints they cross)

A 
Biceps brachii (shoulder and elbow)
Coracobrachialis (shoulder)
Brachialis muscle (elbow)
88
Q

2 Muscles of Posterior (extensor) Compartment of Arm

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

89
Q

3 Branches of Brachial Artery (proximal - distal)

A

Profunda brachii a.
Superior ulnar collateral a.
Inferior ulnar collateral a.

90
Q

Termination of Brachial Artery

A

Bifurcates into radial a. and ulnar a. in cubital fossa

91
Q

4 Boundaries of Cubital Fossa

A

Lat: Brachioradialis
Med: Pronator teres
Floor: Supinator and brachialis
Roof: Bicipital aponeurosis and skin

92
Q

8 Contents of Cubital Fossa (med-lat)

A
  1. Pronator teres muscle
  2. Bicipital aponeurosis
  3. Median nerve
  4. Ulnar artery
  5. Tendon of biceps brachii muscle
  6. Radial artery
  7. Radial nerve
  8. Brachioradialis muscle
93
Q

4 Collateral Anastomoses (collateral/recurrent, med-lat)

A
  1. Superior ulnar collateral artery/posterior ulnar recurrent artery
  2. Inferior ulnar collateral artery/anterior ulnar recurrent artery
  3. Middle collateral artery/interosseous recurrent artery
  4. Radial collateral artery/radial recurrent artery

anatomy (28 decks)

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