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Heart & Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

3 Branches off Arch of Aorta (R to L)

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk, L Common Carotid, Left Subclavian

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2
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Leaves R Ventricle and Splits to R and L

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3
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

R and L Brachiocephalic Veins join and enter R Atrium

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4
Q

Ligamentum Arteriosum (2)

A

Leftover of ductus arteriosus joining AoA and Pulmonary Trunk

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5
Q

Trachea Bifurcation Level

A

Carina at T4

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6
Q

Vagus Nerve (2)

A

Goes posteriorly to hila, L goes right by ligamentum arteriosum and sends L recurrent laryngeal nerve off under it

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7
Q

2.3 Layers of Pericardium (Ext.-Int.)

A

Fibrous-Serous (Parietal-Serous Fluid-Visceral)

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8
Q

Pericarditis

A

Infection or Bleeding of Pericardium

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9
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Continued fluid buildup in pericardium leading to constriction of the heart

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10
Q

Transverse Sinus

A

From L, behind heart, above pulmonary veins, below pulmonary trunk, then up between aorta and SVC

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11
Q

Oblique Sinus

A

Gap between heart/great vessels and posterior portion of pericardium

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12
Q

2 Surfaces of the Heart

A

Sternocostal and Diaphragm

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13
Q

Acute Margin

A

Runs along diaphragm edge of heart

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14
Q

Obtuse margin

A

Runs along left lung surface of heart

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15
Q

Atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus (2)

A

Runs between R atrium and R ventricle

Right coronary artery follows it

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16
Q

Sinoatrial nodal artery

A

Runs from R coronary artery (60% of the time) to SA node right by SVC

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17
Q

R Marginal Artery

A

Splits off from R coronary and runs along acute margin

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18
Q

Posterior Interventricular Artery

A

Splits off from R coronary artery under IVC

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19
Q

R Coronary Artery

A

Comes off right at base of aorta and runs through atrioventricular sulcus around under IVC, giving off R marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery

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20
Q

L Coronary Artery

A

Comes off at base of aorta, goes around pulmonary trunk and splits into anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery

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21
Q

Anterior Interventricular Artery

A

Comes off L coronary artery and travels down b/w R and L ventricle (interventricular sulcus)

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22
Q

Circumflex Artery

A

Comes off L coronary artery and travels under L auricle to posterior side of heart

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23
Q

Heart Dominance

A

Where posterior interventricular artery comes off, 75% right coronary (RHD), can also be off circumflex a. (LHD) or both

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24
Q

Great Cardiac Vein

A

Travels along anterior interventricular a., under left auricle and around back before meeting w/ middle cardiac vein and small cardiac vein at coronary sinus

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25
Middle Cardiac Vein
Travels with posterior interventricular artery before meeting great cardiac vein and small cardiac vein at coronary sinus
26
Small Cardiac Vein
Travels with R marginal artery and then around with R coronary artery before meeting with great and middle cardiac veins at coronary sinus
27
Coronary Sinus
Meeting point of great, middle, and small cardiac veins going into R atrium right at IVC
28
Left Marginal Artery
Comes off circumflex artery and travels down obtuse margin
29
Musculi Pectinati
Muscles making up rough wall of R atrium, the one away from the ventricle
30
Crista Terminalis
Indentation where rough and smooth walls of R atrium meet
31
Right Auricle
Semi-functional appendage of R atrium, right next to SVC and pulmonary trunk
32
IVC Valve
Little flap between IVC and coronary sinus openings directing blood up towards fossa ovalis
33
Fossa ovalis
Little depression/overlapping remnant, caused by switch at first breath
34
Limbus of fossa ovalis
Thickest part of fossa ovalis, at the top tip
35
Cusps of R Atrioventricular Valve
Septal, anterior, and posterior
36
Chordae Tendineae
Little strands that attach cusps to papillary muscles
37
R Ventricle Papillary Muscles
2-3, ant., post., and septal, but overlap with which cusps they attach to via chordae tendineae so synchronization in valve opening/closing
38
Trabeculae Carneae
Strand/ridged muscles extending out from rough wall of ventricles
39
Septomarginal Trabecula
Moderator band, conducts signal quicker to papillary muscles in R ventricle
40
Conus Arteriosus
Smooth segment leading to pulmonary semilunar valve in R ventricle
41
Supraventricular Crest
Ledge in R ventricle leading to conus arteriosus
42
3 Cusps of Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (R-L)
Right cusp, anterior cusp, left cusp
43
Lunulae
Top edges of cusps in semilunar valves
44
Nodes
Where lunulae meet in middle of cusps to make strong point
45
Left auricle
Semifunctional appendage above L atrium, just under pulmonary trunk
46
Valve of foramen ovale
Smaller circle of fossa ovalis
47
Inflows to L Atrium
2 L Pulmonary veins (closer to valve) and 2 R pulmonary veins
48
Structure of L Atrioventricular Valve
Bicuspid or mitral valve, Anterior and Posterior Cusp attached by chordae tendinae to ant. and post. muscles of L ventricle
49
Structure of Aortic Semilunar Valve
Right cusp over entrance to R coronary artery, posterior cusp, and L cusp over L coronary artery
50
Heart Conduction System
Sinoatrial node by SVC on R Atrium->Atrioventricular node in R Atrium->Atrioventricular bundle (of His) kinda where all 4 meet->L and R bundle branches travel down interventricular septum->R goes to moderator band
51
Purkinje's Fibers
Specialized muscle cells that conduct signal through ventricles
52
Sympathetic Innervation of the Heart (Path, Effect, Clinical Consideration)
From T1-T5->sympathetic trunk->Cardiac Plexus->Heart Increases rate and strength Referred pain
53
Parasympathetic Innervation of the Heart (Source, Causes, Effect)
Vagus n. (CN X), Blood pressure/CO2+O2, decreases rate
54
Anulus Fibrosus
Fibrous skeleton around L and R AV valves
55
Right Fibrous Trigone
Strong fibrous spot at opening for Bundle of His between 2 AV valves
56
Left Fibrous Trigone
Strong fibrous spot at edge of L atrioventricular valve, right where L coronary artery is coming off aortic valve
57
Superficial Cardiac Plexus
Group of nerves that lies on the AoA
58
Deep Cardiac Plexus
Group of nerves that lies between the AoA and the bifurcation of the trachea
59
Thoracic Duct
Lies between azygos vein and aorta, deep to the esophagus
60
Azygos vein
Travels up right posterior mediastinum, then arches over root of R lung to empty into SVC around T4
61
Hemiazygos vein
Travels about halfway up posterior mediastinum and empties into azygos vein
62
Accessory hemiazygos vein
Covers about 5th-8th intercostal spaces of posterior mediastinum and enters into azygos vein
63
"Lub"
AV valves closing
64
"Dub"
Semilunar valves closing
65
Listening site for aortic valve
2nd intercostal space on right
66
Listening site for pulmonary valve
2nd intercostal space on left
67
Listening site for tricuspid valve
5th intercostal space on left, adjacent to sternum
68
Listening site for mitral valve
Apex of heart, 5th intercostal space a little more laterally
69
Rheumatic Fevers
Damages valves, especially aortic, causing valve problems later in life
70
4 Muscular/valvular Clinical Considerations
Congestive heart failure, Rheumatic fever, Endocarditis, Murmers
71
2 Circulatory Clinical Considerations
Angina (heart pain caused by blockage), infarct (severe enough blockage to cause tissue necrosis)
72
4 Conduction Clinical Considerations
Fibrillation, Heart block, sinus arrhythmia, tachycardia

Anatomy (28 decks)

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