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Anatomy > Heart & Great Vessels > Flashcards

Heart & Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

3 Branches off Arch of Aorta (R to L)

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk, L Common Carotid, Left Subclavian

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2
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Leaves R Ventricle and Splits to R and L

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3
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

R and L Brachiocephalic Veins join and enter R Atrium

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4
Q

Ligamentum Arteriosum (2)

A

Leftover of ductus arteriosus joining AoA and Pulmonary Trunk

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5
Q

Trachea Bifurcation Level

A

Carina at T4

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6
Q

Vagus Nerve (2)

A

Goes posteriorly to hila, L goes right by ligamentum arteriosum and sends L recurrent laryngeal nerve off under it

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7
Q

2.3 Layers of Pericardium (Ext.-Int.)

A

Fibrous-Serous (Parietal-Serous Fluid-Visceral)

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8
Q

Pericarditis

A

Infection or Bleeding of Pericardium

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9
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Continued fluid buildup in pericardium leading to constriction of the heart

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10
Q

Transverse Sinus

A

From L, behind heart, above pulmonary veins, below pulmonary trunk, then up between aorta and SVC

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11
Q

Oblique Sinus

A

Gap between heart/great vessels and posterior portion of pericardium

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12
Q

2 Surfaces of the Heart

A

Sternocostal and Diaphragm

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13
Q

Acute Margin

A

Runs along diaphragm edge of heart

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14
Q

Obtuse margin

A

Runs along left lung surface of heart

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15
Q

Atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus (2)

A

Runs between R atrium and R ventricle

Right coronary artery follows it

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16
Q

Sinoatrial nodal artery

A

Runs from R coronary artery (60% of the time) to SA node right by SVC

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17
Q

R Marginal Artery

A

Splits off from R coronary and runs along acute margin

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18
Q

Posterior Interventricular Artery

A

Splits off from R coronary artery under IVC

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19
Q

R Coronary Artery

A

Comes off right at base of aorta and runs through atrioventricular sulcus around under IVC, giving off R marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery

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20
Q

L Coronary Artery

A

Comes off at base of aorta, goes around pulmonary trunk and splits into anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery

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21
Q

Anterior Interventricular Artery

A

Comes off L coronary artery and travels down b/w R and L ventricle (interventricular sulcus)

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22
Q

Circumflex Artery

A

Comes off L coronary artery and travels under L auricle to posterior side of heart

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23
Q

Heart Dominance

A

Where posterior interventricular artery comes off, 75% right coronary (RHD), can also be off circumflex a. (LHD) or both

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24
Q

Great Cardiac Vein

A

Travels along anterior interventricular a., under left auricle and around back before meeting w/ middle cardiac vein and small cardiac vein at coronary sinus

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25
Q

Middle Cardiac Vein

A

Travels with posterior interventricular artery before meeting great cardiac vein and small cardiac vein at coronary sinus

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26
Q

Small Cardiac Vein

A

Travels with R marginal artery and then around with R coronary artery before meeting with great and middle cardiac veins at coronary sinus

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27
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Meeting point of great, middle, and small cardiac veins going into R atrium right at IVC

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28
Q

Left Marginal Artery

A

Comes off circumflex artery and travels down obtuse margin

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29
Q

Musculi Pectinati

A

Muscles making up rough wall of R atrium, the one away from the ventricle

30
Q

Crista Terminalis

A

Indentation where rough and smooth walls of R atrium meet

31
Q

Right Auricle

A

Semi-functional appendage of R atrium, right next to SVC and pulmonary trunk

32
Q

IVC Valve

A

Little flap between IVC and coronary sinus openings directing blood up towards fossa ovalis

33
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Little depression/overlapping remnant, caused by switch at first breath

34
Q

Limbus of fossa ovalis

A

Thickest part of fossa ovalis, at the top tip

35
Q

Cusps of R Atrioventricular Valve

A

Septal, anterior, and posterior

36
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

Little strands that attach cusps to papillary muscles

37
Q

R Ventricle Papillary Muscles

A

2-3, ant., post., and septal, but overlap with which cusps they attach to via chordae tendineae so synchronization in valve opening/closing

38
Q

Trabeculae Carneae

A

Strand/ridged muscles extending out from rough wall of ventricles

39
Q

Septomarginal Trabecula

A

Moderator band, conducts signal quicker to papillary muscles in R ventricle

40
Q

Conus Arteriosus

A

Smooth segment leading to pulmonary semilunar valve in R ventricle

41
Q

Supraventricular Crest

A

Ledge in R ventricle leading to conus arteriosus

42
Q

3 Cusps of Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (R-L)

A

Right cusp, anterior cusp, left cusp

43
Q

Lunulae

A

Top edges of cusps in semilunar valves

44
Q

Nodes

A

Where lunulae meet in middle of cusps to make strong point

45
Q

Left auricle

A

Semifunctional appendage above L atrium, just under pulmonary trunk

46
Q

Valve of foramen ovale

A

Smaller circle of fossa ovalis

47
Q

Inflows to L Atrium

A

2 L Pulmonary veins (closer to valve) and 2 R pulmonary veins

48
Q

Structure of L Atrioventricular Valve

A

Bicuspid or mitral valve, Anterior and Posterior Cusp attached by chordae tendinae to ant. and post. muscles of L ventricle

49
Q

Structure of Aortic Semilunar Valve

A

Right cusp over entrance to R coronary artery, posterior cusp, and L cusp over L coronary artery

50
Q

Heart Conduction System

A

Sinoatrial node by SVC on R Atrium->Atrioventricular node in R Atrium->Atrioventricular bundle (of His) kinda where all 4 meet->L and R bundle branches travel down interventricular septum->R goes to moderator band

51
Q

Purkinje’s Fibers

A

Specialized muscle cells that conduct signal through ventricles

52
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Heart (Path, Effect, Clinical Consideration)

A

From T1-T5->sympathetic trunk->Cardiac Plexus->Heart
Increases rate and strength
Referred pain

53
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of the Heart (Source, Causes, Effect)

A

Vagus n. (CN X), Blood pressure/CO2+O2, decreases rate

54
Q

Anulus Fibrosus

A

Fibrous skeleton around L and R AV valves

55
Q

Right Fibrous Trigone

A

Strong fibrous spot at opening for Bundle of His between 2 AV valves

56
Q

Left Fibrous Trigone

A

Strong fibrous spot at edge of L atrioventricular valve, right where L coronary artery is coming off aortic valve

57
Q

Superficial Cardiac Plexus

A

Group of nerves that lies on the AoA

58
Q

Deep Cardiac Plexus

A

Group of nerves that lies between the AoA and the bifurcation of the trachea

59
Q

Thoracic Duct

A

Lies between azygos vein and aorta, deep to the esophagus

60
Q

Azygos vein

A

Travels up right posterior mediastinum, then arches over root of R lung to empty into SVC around T4

61
Q

Hemiazygos vein

A

Travels about halfway up posterior mediastinum and empties into azygos vein

62
Q

Accessory hemiazygos vein

A

Covers about 5th-8th intercostal spaces of posterior mediastinum and enters into azygos vein

63
Q

“Lub”

A

AV valves closing

64
Q

“Dub”

A

Semilunar valves closing

65
Q

Listening site for aortic valve

A

2nd intercostal space on right

66
Q

Listening site for pulmonary valve

A

2nd intercostal space on left

67
Q

Listening site for tricuspid valve

A

5th intercostal space on left, adjacent to sternum

68
Q

Listening site for mitral valve

A

Apex of heart, 5th intercostal space a little more laterally

69
Q

Rheumatic Fevers

A

Damages valves, especially aortic, causing valve problems later in life

70
Q

4 Muscular/valvular Clinical Considerations

A

Congestive heart failure, Rheumatic fever, Endocarditis, Murmers

71
Q

2 Circulatory Clinical Considerations

A

Angina (heart pain caused by blockage), infarct (severe enough blockage to cause tissue necrosis)

72
Q

4 Conduction Clinical Considerations

A

Fibrillation, Heart block, sinus arrhythmia, tachycardia

Anatomy (28 decks)

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