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Anatomy > Leg and Foot > Flashcards

Leg and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Intercondylar Eminence of Tibia

A

Between two tibial condyles and attaches to femur between its 2 condyles

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2
Q

Soleal Line

A

Line traveling down superior posterior surface of tibia

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3
Q

Medial Malleolus

A

Large protrusion sticking down from tibia

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4
Q

Fibular Notch

A

Notch on distal lateral end of tibia where fibula sits in

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5
Q

2 Ends of Fibula

A

Proximal: Head
Distal: Lateral malleolus

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6
Q

2 Gaps of Fibula-Tibia Interosseous Membrane

A

Superior gap - anterior tibial vessels pass through

Inferior gap - perforating branch of fibular artery

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7
Q

3 Posterior Row Tarsals

A

Talus - large, medial
Calcaneus - large, lateral
Navicular - half moon just distal to talus

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8
Q

4 Anterior Row Tarsals

A 
Cuboid - larger lateral bone
3 Cuneiforms (MIL)
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9
Q

Sustentaculum Talus

A

Shelf of bone sticking out from calcaneus that talus sits on

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10
Q

3 Plantar Ligaments

A

Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament
Spring ligament

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11
Q

Long Plantar Ligament

A

From calcaneus to base of metatarsals, really helps make arch of the foot to distribute weight over whole foot

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12
Q

Short plantar ligament

A

Runs from calcaneus to cuboid

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13
Q

Spring ligament

A

Runs from calcaneus to navicular. Important in maintaining arch

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14
Q

2 Tendons Contributing to Arch of Foot

A

Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

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15
Q

Saphenous Nerve

A

Continuation of femoral nerve that supplies medial cutaneous innervation of leg and foot

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16
Q

Sural Nerve

A

Runs posteriorly with lesser saphenous vein, supplies cutaneous lateral posterior leg and lateral proximal side of foot

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17
Q

Superficial Fibular Nerve (3)

A

Supplies cutaneous lateral anterior distal leg and bulb of dorsal surface of foot and lateral leg muscles

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18
Q

Deep fibular nerve (3)

A

Supplies cutaneous area between first 2 toes and anterior muscles of leg and dorsal foot muscles

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19
Q

Planter nerves

A

Medial and lateral, supply respective cutaneous plantar surfaces of foot splitting in middle of 4th toe and curve around onto nail beds

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20
Q

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

A

Supplies upper lateral side of cutaneous leg

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21
Q

Venous drainage of foot and leg

A

Dorsal venous arch on top of foot gives off great saphenous vein on anterior and small saphenous vein on posterior

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22
Q

5 Retinacula of Foot

A 
Superior extensor
Inferior extensor
Superior fibular
Inferior fibular
Flexor
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23
Q

4 Anterior Muscles of Leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis
Extensor digitorum
Fibularis tertius

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24
Q

Innervation of Anterior Leg Muscles

A

Deep fibular nerve

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25
Q

Tibialis anterior muscle

A

Biggest/most anterior leg muscle, runs from lateral leg around to medial side of foot to insert into 1st metatarsal

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26
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Runs underneath tibialis anterior m. and extends 2-5th toes

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27
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Runs underneath tibialis anterior m. and extends 1st toe

28
Q

Fibularis tertius muscle

A

Small muscle that goes to base of 5th metatarsal

29
Q

2 Lateral Muscles of Leg

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

30
Q

Innervation of Lateral Leg Muscles

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve

31
Q

Fibularis longus m.

A

Most superficial/lateral, runs all the way underneath foot and extends to medial side of the foot to help support arch and can cause eversion

32
Q

Fibularis brevis m.

A

Runs beneath fibularis longus and helps w/ eversion

33
Q

7 Muscles of Posterior Leg

A 
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Popliteus
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
34
Q

Innervation of Posterior Leg Muscles

A

Tibial Nerve

35
Q

Gastrocnemius m.

A

Two headed superficial calf muscle meet at large calcaneal tendon

36
Q

Soleus m.

A

Large flat muscle just deep to gastrocnemius and inserts into calcaneal tendon

37
Q

Plantaris muscle

A

Arises in femur, has little belly that goes throug popliteal fossa and then long tendon that follows soleus m. around to calcaneal tendon

38
Q

Popliteus m.

A

Square shaped muscle that that sits on top of soleus m. underneath popliteal vessels. Actually runs upwards and locks knee to your stand bone-on-bone. Actually rotates femur on tibia slightly, locking into place

39
Q

3 Deep Posterior Leg Muscles

A

All run through medial ankle, flexor digitorum longus most medial, then tibialis posterior kind of underneath flexor hallucis longus (most lateral)

40
Q

Order Deep Posterior Leg Muscle Tendons run past medial ankle (ant-post)

A

Tom, Dick, and Harry - Tibialis posterior m., flexor digitorum longus m., and flexor hallucis longus

41
Q

2 Dorsal Foot Muscles

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor digitorum brevis

42
Q

Innervation of Dorsal Foot Muscles

A

Deep fibular n.

43
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A

Just deep to plantar skin, provides support to skin and arch

44
Q

1st Layer of Plantar Foot (and 3 contents)

A

Superficial Layer - abductor hallucis m., flexor digitorum brevis m., abductor digiti minimi m.

45
Q

2nd Layer of Plantar Foot (and 4 contents)

A

Flexor hallucis longus tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, quadratus plantae m. (accessory flexor), and 4 lumbricals

46
Q

Quadratus plantae muscle

A

Square muscle that pulls straight back on tendon of flexor digitorum longus to counter angulated pull from tendons coming in from medial side

47
Q

Lumbrical muscles

A

Arise from flexor digitorum m. tendon and attach to MTP joint above its dorsal surface and flex that joint and extend IP joints

48
Q

3rd Layer of Plantar Foot (and 3 contents)

A

Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis muscle (oblique and transverse heads), flexor digiti minimi brevis

49
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis m.

A

Two headed, tendon of flexor hallucis longus m. runs between them

50
Q

4th Layer of Plantar Foot (and 4 contents)

A 
Deep layer -
Fibularis longus tendon
Tibialis anterior tendon
Tibialis posterior tendon
Interosseous muscles
51
Q

Interosseous Muscles

A

4 Dorsal Interosseous Muscles - Abduct

3 Plantar Interosseous Muscles - Adduct

52
Q

3 Branches of Medial Plantar Nerve

A

Common digitial, muscular, and cutaneous (3 1/2 toes)

53
Q

4 Muscles Innervated by Medial Plantar Nerve

A

Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, and 1st lumbrical

54
Q

4 Branches of Lateral Plantar Nerve

A

Muscular branches
Cutaneous branches
Superficial branch - muscular and cutaneous
Deep branch - muscular only

55
Q

Branches and Terminations of Popliteal Artery

A

5 Genicular Arteries
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery

56
Q

Anterior Tibial Artery (description and 4 branches)

A

Passes from popliteal back to anterior side to supply anterior leg muscles, gives off posterior and anterior recurrent arteries, lateral and medial anterior malleolar arteries, and dorsalis pedis artery

57
Q

Dorsalis Pedis Artery 5 Branches

A

Medial and lateral tarsal arteries
Arcuate arteries
Branch to deep plantar artery
First dorsal metatarsal artery

58
Q

Posterior Tibial Artery 6 Branches

A 
Fibular artery
Posterior medial malleolar a.
Communicating branch
Medial calcaneal a.
Medial and lateral plantar a.s
59
Q

Fibular artery

A

Comes off posterior tibial artery and runs to lateral leg muscles

60
Q

Posterior Tibial Artery Path (path and termination)

A

Comes to medial side and runs with Tom/Dick/Harry and divides into plantar arteries

61
Q

Medial plantar a. (path and branches)

A

Runs with medial plantar n., has superficial and deep branches

62
Q

Lateral Plantar Artery (path and 2 branches)

A

Runs with lateral plantar n., gives off deep plantar arch which connects w/ deep plantar branch from dorsalis pedis a. Also gives off proper digital branches

63
Q

Common Fibular Nerve

A

Footdrop with equinovarus, dragging foot, lift leg high during steppage

64
Q

5 Medial Collateral “Deltoid” Ligament Components

A 
Anterior tibiotalar ligament
Tibionavicular ligament
Posterior tibiotalar ligament
Tibiocalcaneal ligament
Plantar calcaneonavicular "spring" ligament
65
Q

Spring ligament damage

A

Navicular can swing forward, away from calcaneus, arch will drop

66
Q

3 Lateral Collateral Ligament Components

A

Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament

Anatomy (28 decks)

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