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Leg and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Intercondylar Eminence of Tibia

A

Between two tibial condyles and attaches to femur between its 2 condyles

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2
Q

Soleal Line

A

Line traveling down superior posterior surface of tibia

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3
Q

Medial Malleolus

A

Large protrusion sticking down from tibia

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4
Q

Fibular Notch

A

Notch on distal lateral end of tibia where fibula sits in

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5
Q

2 Ends of Fibula

A

Proximal: Head
Distal: Lateral malleolus

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6
Q

2 Gaps of Fibula-Tibia Interosseous Membrane

A

Superior gap - anterior tibial vessels pass through

Inferior gap - perforating branch of fibular artery

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7
Q

3 Posterior Row Tarsals

A

Talus - large, medial
Calcaneus - large, lateral
Navicular - half moon just distal to talus

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8
Q

4 Anterior Row Tarsals

A 
Cuboid - larger lateral bone
3 Cuneiforms (MIL)
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9
Q

Sustentaculum Talus

A

Shelf of bone sticking out from calcaneus that talus sits on

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10
Q

3 Plantar Ligaments

A

Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament
Spring ligament

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11
Q

Long Plantar Ligament

A

From calcaneus to base of metatarsals, really helps make arch of the foot to distribute weight over whole foot

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12
Q

Short plantar ligament

A

Runs from calcaneus to cuboid

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13
Q

Spring ligament

A

Runs from calcaneus to navicular. Important in maintaining arch

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14
Q

2 Tendons Contributing to Arch of Foot

A

Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

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15
Q

Saphenous Nerve

A

Continuation of femoral nerve that supplies medial cutaneous innervation of leg and foot

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16
Q

Sural Nerve

A

Runs posteriorly with lesser saphenous vein, supplies cutaneous lateral posterior leg and lateral proximal side of foot

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17
Q

Superficial Fibular Nerve (3)

A

Supplies cutaneous lateral anterior distal leg and bulb of dorsal surface of foot and lateral leg muscles

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18
Q

Deep fibular nerve (3)

A

Supplies cutaneous area between first 2 toes and anterior muscles of leg and dorsal foot muscles

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19
Q

Planter nerves

A

Medial and lateral, supply respective cutaneous plantar surfaces of foot splitting in middle of 4th toe and curve around onto nail beds

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20
Q

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

A

Supplies upper lateral side of cutaneous leg

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21
Q

Venous drainage of foot and leg

A

Dorsal venous arch on top of foot gives off great saphenous vein on anterior and small saphenous vein on posterior

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22
Q

5 Retinacula of Foot

A 
Superior extensor
Inferior extensor
Superior fibular
Inferior fibular
Flexor
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23
Q

4 Anterior Muscles of Leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis
Extensor digitorum
Fibularis tertius

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24
Q

Innervation of Anterior Leg Muscles

A

Deep fibular nerve

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25
Tibialis anterior muscle
Biggest/most anterior leg muscle, runs from lateral leg around to medial side of foot to insert into 1st metatarsal
26
Extensor digitorum longus
Runs underneath tibialis anterior m. and extends 2-5th toes
27
Extensor hallucis longus
Runs underneath tibialis anterior m. and extends 1st toe
28
Fibularis tertius muscle
Small muscle that goes to base of 5th metatarsal
29
2 Lateral Muscles of Leg
Fibularis longus | Fibularis brevis
30
Innervation of Lateral Leg Muscles
Superficial Fibular Nerve
31
Fibularis longus m.
Most superficial/lateral, runs all the way underneath foot and extends to medial side of the foot to help support arch and can cause eversion
32
Fibularis brevis m.
Runs beneath fibularis longus and helps w/ eversion
33
7 Muscles of Posterior Leg
``` Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Popliteus Tibialis Posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus ```
34
Innervation of Posterior Leg Muscles
Tibial Nerve
35
Gastrocnemius m.
Two headed superficial calf muscle meet at large calcaneal tendon
36
Soleus m.
Large flat muscle just deep to gastrocnemius and inserts into calcaneal tendon
37
Plantaris muscle
Arises in femur, has little belly that goes throug popliteal fossa and then long tendon that follows soleus m. around to calcaneal tendon
38
Popliteus m.
Square shaped muscle that that sits on top of soleus m. underneath popliteal vessels. Actually runs upwards and locks knee to your stand bone-on-bone. Actually rotates femur on tibia slightly, locking into place
39
3 Deep Posterior Leg Muscles
All run through medial ankle, flexor digitorum longus most medial, then tibialis posterior kind of underneath flexor hallucis longus (most lateral)
40
Order Deep Posterior Leg Muscle Tendons run past medial ankle (ant-post)
Tom, Dick, and Harry - Tibialis posterior m., flexor digitorum longus m., and flexor hallucis longus
41
2 Dorsal Foot Muscles
Extensor hallucis brevis | Extensor digitorum brevis
42
Innervation of Dorsal Foot Muscles
Deep fibular n.
43
Plantar aponeurosis
Just deep to plantar skin, provides support to skin and arch
44
1st Layer of Plantar Foot (and 3 contents)
Superficial Layer - abductor hallucis m., flexor digitorum brevis m., abductor digiti minimi m.
45
2nd Layer of Plantar Foot (and 4 contents)
Flexor hallucis longus tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, quadratus plantae m. (accessory flexor), and 4 lumbricals
46
Quadratus plantae muscle
Square muscle that pulls straight back on tendon of flexor digitorum longus to counter angulated pull from tendons coming in from medial side
47
Lumbrical muscles
Arise from flexor digitorum m. tendon and attach to MTP joint above its dorsal surface and flex that joint and extend IP joints
48
3rd Layer of Plantar Foot (and 3 contents)
Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis muscle (oblique and transverse heads), flexor digiti minimi brevis
49
Flexor hallucis brevis m.
Two headed, tendon of flexor hallucis longus m. runs between them
50
4th Layer of Plantar Foot (and 4 contents)
``` Deep layer - Fibularis longus tendon Tibialis anterior tendon Tibialis posterior tendon Interosseous muscles ```
51
Interosseous Muscles
4 Dorsal Interosseous Muscles - Abduct | 3 Plantar Interosseous Muscles - Adduct
52
3 Branches of Medial Plantar Nerve
Common digitial, muscular, and cutaneous (3 1/2 toes)
53
4 Muscles Innervated by Medial Plantar Nerve
Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, and 1st lumbrical
54
4 Branches of Lateral Plantar Nerve
Muscular branches Cutaneous branches Superficial branch - muscular and cutaneous Deep branch - muscular only
55
Branches and Terminations of Popliteal Artery
5 Genicular Arteries Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial artery
56
Anterior Tibial Artery (description and 4 branches)
Passes from popliteal back to anterior side to supply anterior leg muscles, gives off posterior and anterior recurrent arteries, lateral and medial anterior malleolar arteries, and dorsalis pedis artery
57
Dorsalis Pedis Artery 5 Branches
Medial and lateral tarsal arteries Arcuate arteries Branch to deep plantar artery First dorsal metatarsal artery
58
Posterior Tibial Artery 6 Branches
``` Fibular artery Posterior medial malleolar a. Communicating branch Medial calcaneal a. Medial and lateral plantar a.s ```
59
Fibular artery
Comes off posterior tibial artery and runs to lateral leg muscles
60
Posterior Tibial Artery Path (path and termination)
Comes to medial side and runs with Tom/Dick/Harry and divides into plantar arteries
61
Medial plantar a. (path and branches)
Runs with medial plantar n., has superficial and deep branches
62
Lateral Plantar Artery (path and 2 branches)
Runs with lateral plantar n., gives off deep plantar arch which connects w/ deep plantar branch from dorsalis pedis a. Also gives off proper digital branches
63
Common Fibular Nerve
Footdrop with equinovarus, dragging foot, lift leg high during steppage
64
5 Medial Collateral "Deltoid" Ligament Components
``` Anterior tibiotalar ligament Tibionavicular ligament Posterior tibiotalar ligament Tibiocalcaneal ligament Plantar calcaneonavicular "spring" ligament ```
65
Spring ligament damage
Navicular can swing forward, away from calcaneus, arch will drop
66
3 Lateral Collateral Ligament Components
Posterior talofibular ligament Anterior talofibular ligament Calcaneofibular ligament

Anatomy (28 decks)

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